NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Wightman, Patrick; McCue, Kelly; Sabo, Samantha; Annorbah, Rebecca; Jiménez, Dulce; Pilling, Vern; Butler, Matthew; Celaya, Martín F; Rumann, Sara Community Health Worker Intervention Improves Early Childhood Vaccination Rates: Results from a Propensity-score Matching Evaluation Journal Article BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp. 1854, 2022. @article{Wightman2022, title = {Community Health Worker Intervention Improves Early Childhood Vaccination Rates: Results from a Propensity-score Matching Evaluation}, author = {Patrick Wightman and Kelly McCue and Samantha Sabo and Rebecca Annorbah and Dulce Jiménez and Vern Pilling and Matthew Butler and Martín F Celaya and Sara Rumann}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14239-w}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-14239-w}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-10-04}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {1854}, abstract = {Arizona’s Health Start Program is a statewide community health worker (CHW) maternal and child health home visiting intervention. The objective of this study was to test if participation in Health Start during 2006–2016 improved early childhood vaccination completion rates. Methods This retrospective study used 11 years of administrative, birth certificate, and immunization records. Propensity score matching was used to identify control groups, based on demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Results are reported by historically disadvantaged subgroups and/or with a history of low vaccine uptake, including Hispanic/Latinx and American Indian children, and children of low socioeconomic status and from rural areas, children with teen mothers and first-born children. The average treatment-on-the-treated (ATT) effect estimated the impact of Health Start on timely completion of seven early childhood vaccine series: diphtheria/tetanus toxoids and acellular/whole-cell pertussis (DTaP/DTP), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B (Hep. B), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), poliovirus, and varicella. Results Vaccination completion rates (by age five) were 5.0% points higher for Health Start children as a group, and on average 5.0% points higher for several subgroups of mothers: women from rural border counties (ATT 5.8), Hispanic/Latinx women (ATT 4.8), American Indian women (ATT 4.8), women with less than high school education (ATT 5.0), teen mothers (ATT 6.1), and primipara women (ATT 4.5), compared to matched control groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). Time-to-event analyses show Health Start children complete vaccination sooner, with a hazard rate for full vaccination 13% higher than their matches. Conclusion A state-operated home visiting intervention with CHWs as the primary interventionist can effectively promote early childhood vaccine completion, which may reduce the incidence of preventable diseases and subsequently improve children’s health. Effects of CHW interventions on vaccination uptake is particularly relevant given the rise in vaccine-preventable diseases in the US and globally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Arizona’s Health Start Program is a statewide community health worker (CHW) maternal and child health home visiting intervention. The objective of this study was to test if participation in Health Start during 2006–2016 improved early childhood vaccination completion rates. Methods This retrospective study used 11 years of administrative, birth certificate, and immunization records. Propensity score matching was used to identify control groups, based on demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Results are reported by historically disadvantaged subgroups and/or with a history of low vaccine uptake, including Hispanic/Latinx and American Indian children, and children of low socioeconomic status and from rural areas, children with teen mothers and first-born children. The average treatment-on-the-treated (ATT) effect estimated the impact of Health Start on timely completion of seven early childhood vaccine series: diphtheria/tetanus toxoids and acellular/whole-cell pertussis (DTaP/DTP), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B (Hep. B), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), poliovirus, and varicella. Results Vaccination completion rates (by age five) were 5.0% points higher for Health Start children as a group, and on average 5.0% points higher for several subgroups of mothers: women from rural border counties (ATT 5.8), Hispanic/Latinx women (ATT 4.8), American Indian women (ATT 4.8), women with less than high school education (ATT 5.0), teen mothers (ATT 6.1), and primipara women (ATT 4.5), compared to matched control groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). Time-to-event analyses show Health Start children complete vaccination sooner, with a hazard rate for full vaccination 13% higher than their matches. Conclusion A state-operated home visiting intervention with CHWs as the primary interventionist can effectively promote early childhood vaccine completion, which may reduce the incidence of preventable diseases and subsequently improve children’s health. Effects of CHW interventions on vaccination uptake is particularly relevant given the rise in vaccine-preventable diseases in the US and globally. |
Camplain, Ricky; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Jiang, Luohua; Chang, Jennifer; Manson, Spero M Change In Physical Activity, Food Choices And Hemoglobin A1c Among American Indians and Alaska Natives with Type 2 Diabetes Journal Article Preventive Medicine Reports, 29 , 2022. @article{Camplain2022f, title = {Change In Physical Activity, Food Choices And Hemoglobin A1c Among American Indians and Alaska Natives with Type 2 Diabetes}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Luohua Jiang and Jennifer Chang and Spero M Manson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101945}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101945}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-10-01}, journal = {Preventive Medicine Reports}, volume = {29}, abstract = {The prevalence of diabetes among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults is the highest of all United States racial/ethnic groups. Health behaviors, including regular physical activity and healthy food choices, are important components in the management of diabetes. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and healthy food scores, separately, and combined (PAHF) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over three years of the Special Diabetes Program for Indians-Healthy Heart demonstration project (SDPI-HH) intervention. The relationship between physical activity and food choices was also examined. Among 3,039 SDPI-HH participants at baseline, those reporting being physically active and having high healthy food scores had statistically significant lower HbA1c (mean = 7.67 ± 2.01) compared to inactive participants with low healthy food scores (7.90 ± 1.92). Among the 1,150 SDPI-HH participants who attended the three-year follow-up visit, participants who increased physical activity, consumption of healthy foods, or both had a larger decrease in HbA1c (β = -0.29, P = 0.03) over the study period compared to participants with no improvement in physical activity or increase in consuming healthy foods. This association was statistically significant among women (β = -0.35, P = 0.04) but not among men (β = -0.08, P = 0.70). Our findings indicated that an increase in healthier behaviors, including physical activity and healthy food choices, was associated with a small improvement in HbA1c in the subset of women who participated in the SDPI-HH through the three-year follow-up. Although the decrease in HbA1c was small, physical activity and healthy food choices are important behaviors to incorporate into everyday life among AI/AN adults, particularly those with diabetes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The prevalence of diabetes among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults is the highest of all United States racial/ethnic groups. Health behaviors, including regular physical activity and healthy food choices, are important components in the management of diabetes. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and healthy food scores, separately, and combined (PAHF) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over three years of the Special Diabetes Program for Indians-Healthy Heart demonstration project (SDPI-HH) intervention. The relationship between physical activity and food choices was also examined. Among 3,039 SDPI-HH participants at baseline, those reporting being physically active and having high healthy food scores had statistically significant lower HbA1c (mean = 7.67 ± 2.01) compared to inactive participants with low healthy food scores (7.90 ± 1.92). Among the 1,150 SDPI-HH participants who attended the three-year follow-up visit, participants who increased physical activity, consumption of healthy foods, or both had a larger decrease in HbA1c (β = -0.29, P = 0.03) over the study period compared to participants with no improvement in physical activity or increase in consuming healthy foods. This association was statistically significant among women (β = -0.35, P = 0.04) but not among men (β = -0.08, P = 0.70). Our findings indicated that an increase in healthier behaviors, including physical activity and healthy food choices, was associated with a small improvement in HbA1c in the subset of women who participated in the SDPI-HH through the three-year follow-up. Although the decrease in HbA1c was small, physical activity and healthy food choices are important behaviors to incorporate into everyday life among AI/AN adults, particularly those with diabetes. |
Braun, KL; Harjo, LD; Burhansstipanov, L; Kawakami, KL; Palakiko, DM; McElfish, PA; Cruz, MR Dela; Antonio, MC; Sanderson, PR; Bauer, MC; Teufel-Shone, NI Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health Journal Article Forthcoming Forthcoming. @article{Braun2022, title = {Addressing Racism in Indigenous Health}, author = {KL Braun and LD Harjo and L Burhansstipanov and KL Kawakami and DM Palakiko and PA McElfish and MR Dela Cruz and MC Antonio and PR Sanderson and MC Bauer and NI Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813195841/indigenous-public-health/}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-09}, booktitle = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions}, publisher = {University Press of Kentucky}, abstract = {Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } Indigenous Public Health: Improvement through Community-Engaged Interventions illustrates how successful community engagement strategies, programs, and resources within indigenous communities have resulted in diverse, successful public health programs, and helped community members overcome barriers to health. Editors Linda Burhansstipanov and Kathryn L. Braun explore the problems that impact engagement efforts, discuss public health topics, acknowledge and honor the strengths of different communities, and emphasize that collaboration and the sharing of resources can only improve the lives involved. |
Lopez, Nanette V; Spilkin, Ary; Brauer, Julianne; Phillips, Rachelle; Kuss, Bonnie; Delio, Gabrielle; Camplain, Ricky Nutritional adequacy of meals and commissary items provided to individuals incarcerated in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States Journal Article BMC Nutrition, 8 (96), 2022. @article{Lopez2022b, title = {Nutritional adequacy of meals and commissary items provided to individuals incarcerated in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States}, author = {Nanette V. Lopez and Ary Spilkin and Julianne Brauer and Rachelle Phillips and Bonnie Kuss and Gabrielle Delio and Ricky Camplain }, doi = {10.1186/s40795-022-00593-w}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-03}, journal = {BMC Nutrition}, volume = {8}, number = {96}, abstract = {Background Poor diet may contribute to deleterious chronic health among individuals incarcerated. Yet, limited research has evaluated the nutritional content of menus and commissary items provided in jails. Thus, this study assessed the macronutrient distribution, caloric composition, and diet quality of the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items provided in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States. Methods Daily and mean availability of calories and macronutrients for the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items were estimated using NutritionCalc Plus®. Diet quality (i.e., Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015]) was assessed. Macronutrients and calories were compared to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Protein and carbohydrate were compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). HEI-2015 was compared to the average U.S. diet. Results Daily caloric provisions exceeded DGA recommendations. Daily available (16.2%-25.2% kcal/day) and mean protein met the AMDR recommendations, yet exceeded the DRI. Mean protein with commissary packs exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available carbohydrate met AMDR recommendations for all but two days of the seven-day cycle menu, which exceeded recommendations (52.5%-66.4% kcal/day). Mean carbohydrate met the AMDR recommendations and exceeded the DRI, and with the commissary packs, exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available total fat for the seven-day cycle menu (79.5–146.7 g), mean total fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available saturated fat for the seven-day cycle menu (16.7–47.7 g) exceeded AMDR recommendations for all but one day of the seven-day cycle menu, while mean saturated fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available added sugars for the seven-day cycle menu (8.4–14.2 g), mean added sugars alone and with the commissary packs all met AMDR recommendations. HEI-2015 scores for the seven-day cycle menu ranged from 49.3–74.5 (mean = 62.2, SD = 9.4), and increased with the commissary packs. Conclusions Exceeding caloric and saturated fat recommendations may contribute to weight gain, regardless of high diet quality. Increasing nutrient-dense foods available in jail may reduce chronic disease among incarcerated populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Poor diet may contribute to deleterious chronic health among individuals incarcerated. Yet, limited research has evaluated the nutritional content of menus and commissary items provided in jails. Thus, this study assessed the macronutrient distribution, caloric composition, and diet quality of the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items provided in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States. Methods Daily and mean availability of calories and macronutrients for the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items were estimated using NutritionCalc Plus®. Diet quality (i.e., Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015]) was assessed. Macronutrients and calories were compared to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Protein and carbohydrate were compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). HEI-2015 was compared to the average U.S. diet. Results Daily caloric provisions exceeded DGA recommendations. Daily available (16.2%-25.2% kcal/day) and mean protein met the AMDR recommendations, yet exceeded the DRI. Mean protein with commissary packs exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available carbohydrate met AMDR recommendations for all but two days of the seven-day cycle menu, which exceeded recommendations (52.5%-66.4% kcal/day). Mean carbohydrate met the AMDR recommendations and exceeded the DRI, and with the commissary packs, exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available total fat for the seven-day cycle menu (79.5–146.7 g), mean total fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available saturated fat for the seven-day cycle menu (16.7–47.7 g) exceeded AMDR recommendations for all but one day of the seven-day cycle menu, while mean saturated fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available added sugars for the seven-day cycle menu (8.4–14.2 g), mean added sugars alone and with the commissary packs all met AMDR recommendations. HEI-2015 scores for the seven-day cycle menu ranged from 49.3–74.5 (mean = 62.2, SD = 9.4), and increased with the commissary packs. Conclusions Exceeding caloric and saturated fat recommendations may contribute to weight gain, regardless of high diet quality. Increasing nutrient-dense foods available in jail may reduce chronic disease among incarcerated populations. |
Cluff, Emily; Magdaleno, Carina C; Fernandez, Emyly; House, Trenton; Swaminathan, Srividya; Varadaraj, Archana; Rajasekaran, Narendiran Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022. @article{Cluff2022, title = {Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression is induced by IL-2 via the PI3K/mTOR pathway in hypoxic NK cells and supports effector functions in NKL cells and ex vivo expanded NK cells}, author = {Emily Cluff and Carina C. Magdaleno and Emyly Fernandez and Trenton House and Srividya Swaminathan and Archana Varadaraj and Narendiran Rajasekaran}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00262-021-03126-9}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-09-01}, journal = {Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy}, abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that are specialized to kill tumor cells. NK cells are responsive to the primary cytokine IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), to activate its effector functions against tumors. Despite their inherent ability to kill tumor cells, dysfunctional NK cells observed within advanced solid tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Hypoxia in the TME is a major contributor to immune evasion in solid tumors that could contribute to impaired NK cell function. HIF-1α is a nodal regulator of hypoxia in driving the adaptive cellular responses to changes in oxygen concentrations. Whether HIF-1α is expressed in hypoxic NK cells in the context of IL-2 and whether its expression regulates NK cell effector function are unclear. Here, we report that freshly isolated NK cells from human peripheral blood in hypoxia could not stabilize HIF-1α protein coincident with impaired anti-tumor cytotoxicity. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells restored HIF-1α levels in hypoxia to promote antitumor cytotoxic functions. Similarly, the human NK cell line NKL expressed HIF-1α upon IL-2 stimulation in hypoxia and exhibited improved anti-tumor cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion. We found that ex vivo expanded human NK cells and NKL cells required the concerted activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway initiated by IL-2 signaling in combination with hypoxia for HIF-1α stabilization. These findings highlight that HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia maximizes NK cell effector function and raises the prospect of NK cells as ideal therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. |
Eaves, Emery R; II, Robert Trotter T; Marquez, Bonnie; Negron, Kayla; Doerry, Eck; Mensah, David; Compton-Gore, Kate A; Lanzetta, Shana A; Kruithoff, Kathryn; Dykman, Kaitlyn; Baldwin, Julie A Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs Journal Article Front. Sociol, 7 , 2022. @article{Eaves2022, title = {Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Robert T. Trotter II and Bonnie Marquez and Kayla Negron and Eck Doerry and David Mensah and Kate A. Compton-Gore and Shana A. Lanzetta and Kathryn Kruithoff and Kaitlyn Dykman and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-22}, journal = {Front. Sociol}, volume = {7}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders. |
Mommaerts, Katherine; Lopez, Nanette V; Camplain, Carolyn; Keene, Chesleigh; Hale, Ashley Marie; Camplain, Ricky Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2022. @article{Mommaerts2022, title = {Nutrition Availability for Those Incarcerated in Jail: Implications for Mental Health}, author = {Katherine Mommaerts and Nanette V. Lopez and Carolyn Camplain and Chesleigh Keene and Ashley Marie Hale and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-02-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-04}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines. Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations. However, Vitamin D (for men and women), magnesium (for men only) and omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations. As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health. |
Armin, Julie S; Williamson, Heather J; Begay, Andria; Etcitty, Jennifer; Attakai, Agnes; Russell, Kim; Baldwin, Julie A Adapting a Cancer Screening Education Program for Native American Women with Disabilities Journal Article Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19 (15), 2022. @article{Armin2022, title = {Adapting a Cancer Screening Education Program for Native American Women with Disabilities}, author = {Julie S. Armin and Heather J. Williamson and Andria Begay and Jennifer Etcitty and Agnes Attakai and Kim Russell and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9368495/}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19159280}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-29}, journal = {Int J Environ Res Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {15}, abstract = {Like other minoritized groups, people with disabilities experience lack of access to health care. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), which are lifelong disabilities diagnosed in childhood requiring varying levels of support for completing daily activities, are less likely to receive preventive health care such as cancer screening. Furthermore, Native American women are less likely than White women to receive cancer screenings. In this qualitative research with Native American women with IDD, their caregivers, healthcare and service providers, and community leaders, we asked, “What are the influences on breast and cervical cancer screening for Native American women with IDD?” with the goal of adapting an existing cancer screening education program. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (N = 48) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Two coders used a constant comparative method to code and revise the a priori codebook with subthemes and new codes. Results highlighted individual, interpersonal, and community/institutional influences on screening, emphasizing the individual effects of social inequity on this population, the importance of ableist bias in recommending cancer screenings, and opportunities to integrate traditional ways of knowing with allopathic medicine. Results of this work were used to adapt a cancer screening education program for Native American women with IDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Like other minoritized groups, people with disabilities experience lack of access to health care. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), which are lifelong disabilities diagnosed in childhood requiring varying levels of support for completing daily activities, are less likely to receive preventive health care such as cancer screening. Furthermore, Native American women are less likely than White women to receive cancer screenings. In this qualitative research with Native American women with IDD, their caregivers, healthcare and service providers, and community leaders, we asked, “What are the influences on breast and cervical cancer screening for Native American women with IDD?” with the goal of adapting an existing cancer screening education program. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (N = 48) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Two coders used a constant comparative method to code and revise the a priori codebook with subthemes and new codes. Results highlighted individual, interpersonal, and community/institutional influences on screening, emphasizing the individual effects of social inequity on this population, the importance of ableist bias in recommending cancer screenings, and opportunities to integrate traditional ways of knowing with allopathic medicine. Results of this work were used to adapt a cancer screening education program for Native American women with IDD. |
Rink, Elizabeth; Johnson, Olivia; Anastario, Michael; Firemoon, Paula; Peterson, Malory; Baldwin, Julie American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 29 (2), pp. 32-48, 2022. @article{Rink2022b, title = {Adaptations Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community-Based Participatory Research Randomized Control Trial Examining Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes among American Indian Youth}, author = {Elizabeth Rink and Olivia Johnson and Michael Anastario and Paula Firemoon and Malory Peterson and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35881980/}, doi = {10.5820/aian.2902.2022.32}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-29}, journal = {American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {32-48}, abstract = {n this manuscript, we present changes in study design and analytical strategy due to the COVID-19 pandemic for Nen ŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo ("We Are Here Now," or NE). NE is a community-based participatory research multi-level randomized control trial using a stepped wedge design to address sexual and reproductive health disparities among American Indian youth. Adaptations in NE's research design, data collection, and analysis due to the COVID-19 pandemic were made based on meetings with tribally based research team members and outside non-Indigenous researchers involved in NE, as well as the study's Community Advisory Board and the Data Safety Monitoring Board. Based on these iterative discussions, decisions were made to: 1) reorganize the sequence of NE's stepped wedge design clusters, and 2) include additional quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in the research design that specifically addressed the impact of COVID-19 on the research participants. These adaptations have the potential to foster greater scientific knowledge in understanding how to address unanticipated 3-way interaction effects in randomized control trials with tribal communities. Findings can also contribute to understanding how public health disasters impact sexual and reproductive health among American Indian youth.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } n this manuscript, we present changes in study design and analytical strategy due to the COVID-19 pandemic for Nen ŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo ("We Are Here Now," or NE). NE is a community-based participatory research multi-level randomized control trial using a stepped wedge design to address sexual and reproductive health disparities among American Indian youth. Adaptations in NE's research design, data collection, and analysis due to the COVID-19 pandemic were made based on meetings with tribally based research team members and outside non-Indigenous researchers involved in NE, as well as the study's Community Advisory Board and the Data Safety Monitoring Board. Based on these iterative discussions, decisions were made to: 1) reorganize the sequence of NE's stepped wedge design clusters, and 2) include additional quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in the research design that specifically addressed the impact of COVID-19 on the research participants. These adaptations have the potential to foster greater scientific knowledge in understanding how to address unanticipated 3-way interaction effects in randomized control trials with tribal communities. Findings can also contribute to understanding how public health disasters impact sexual and reproductive health among American Indian youth. |
Pollitt, Amanda M; Blair, Karen L; Lannutti, Pamela J A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR Journal Article Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research, 30 (1), pp. 144-173, 2022. @article{Pollitt2022, title = {A review of two decades of LGBTQ-inclusive research in JSPR and PR}, author = {Amanda M. Pollitt and Karen L. Blair and Pamela J. Lannutti}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12432}, doi = {10.1111/pere.12432}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-15}, journal = {Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {144-173}, abstract = {The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) relationship science has grown significantly over the past two decades, coinciding with rapid changes in the social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people. However, it is unclear to what extent the top two journals in relationship science, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Personal Relationships, have contributed to the field. In this critical review, we analyzed the 2181 manuscripts published in the journals between 2002 and 2021 for whether they included or excluded LGBTQ+ participants, the methodologies used to analyze their data, and their conclusions about LGBTQ+ lives and relationships. The overwhelming majority (85.8%) of manuscripts did not acknowledge LGBTQ+ relationships; however, there have been improvements compared to past research in retaining LGBTQ+ participants within a data set when they were present. We identified 92 manuscripts that contributed to knowledge about LGBTQ+ lives or relationships. We discuss the lack of intersectional analyses and methodological challenges of incorporating multiple forms of diversity within quantitative research. Overarching themes across manuscript content included minority stress, relationship formation, social support, and commitment. Overall, though the research in the two journals has contributed to the literature on LGBTQ+ relationships, our review suggests that scholars do not consider these two journals as a first choice for finding or publishing LGBTQ+ relationship science |
Rink, Elizabeth; Firemoon, Paula; Anastario, Michael; Johnson, Olivia; GrowingThunder, Ramey; Ricker, Adriann; Peterson, Malory; Baldwin, Julie Frontiers in Public Health, 10 , 2022. @article{Rink2022, title = {Rationale, Design, and Methods for Nen Unkumbi/Edahiyedo ("We Are Here Now"): A Multi-Level Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in a Northern Plains American Indian Reservation Community}, author = {Elizabeth Rink and Paula Firemoon and Michael Anastario and Olivia Johnson and Ramey GrowingThunder and Adriann Ricker and Malory Peterson and Julie Baldwin}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.823228/full}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.823228}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-13}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {10}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) youth in the United States experience disproportionate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities relative to their non-Indigenous, white counterparts, including increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), earlier sexual debut, increased rates of teen birth, and reduced access to SRH services. Past research shows that to improve SRH outcomes for AI youth in reservation communities, interventions must address complex factors and multiple levels of community that influence sexual risk behaviors. Here, we describe development of a multi-level, multi-component randomized controlled trial (RCT) to intervene upon SRH outcomes in a Northern Plains American Indian reservation community. Our intervention is rooted in a community based participatory research framework and is evaluated with a stepped wedge design that integrates 5 reservation high schools into a 5-year, cluster-randomized RCT. Ecological Systems Theory was used to design the intervention that includes (1) an individual level component of culturally specific SRH curriculum in school, (2) a parental component of education to improve parent-child communication about SRH and healthy relationships, (3) a community component of cultural mentorship, and (4) a systems-level component to improve delivery of SRH services from reservation healthcare agencies. In this article we present the rationale and details of our research design, instrumentation, data collection protocol, analytical methods, and community participation in the intervention. Our intervention builds upon existing community strengths and integrates traditional Indigenous knowledge and values with current public health knowledge to reduce SRH disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) youth in the United States experience disproportionate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities relative to their non-Indigenous, white counterparts, including increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), earlier sexual debut, increased rates of teen birth, and reduced access to SRH services. Past research shows that to improve SRH outcomes for AI youth in reservation communities, interventions must address complex factors and multiple levels of community that influence sexual risk behaviors. Here, we describe development of a multi-level, multi-component randomized controlled trial (RCT) to intervene upon SRH outcomes in a Northern Plains American Indian reservation community. Our intervention is rooted in a community based participatory research framework and is evaluated with a stepped wedge design that integrates 5 reservation high schools into a 5-year, cluster-randomized RCT. Ecological Systems Theory was used to design the intervention that includes (1) an individual level component of culturally specific SRH curriculum in school, (2) a parental component of education to improve parent-child communication about SRH and healthy relationships, (3) a community component of cultural mentorship, and (4) a systems-level component to improve delivery of SRH services from reservation healthcare agencies. In this article we present the rationale and details of our research design, instrumentation, data collection protocol, analytical methods, and community participation in the intervention. Our intervention builds upon existing community strengths and integrates traditional Indigenous knowledge and values with current public health knowledge to reduce SRH disparities. |
Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Goldtooth-Begay, Carol; Begay, Andria B; Lazaro, Ashley; Yellowhair, Janet; Todecheenie, Rolanda; Begay, Delila; Singer, Darlene; Briscoe, Curtis Frontiers in Public Health, 10 , 2022. @article{Teufel-Shone2022, title = {Maintaining the Partnership Between a Tribal Breast and Cervical Cancer Program and a University-Based Cancer Prevention Center During COVID-19 Lock-Down Restrictions-A Case Study}, author = {Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone and Carol Goldtooth-Begay and Andria B. Begay and Ashley Lazaro and Janet Yellowhair and Rolanda Todecheenie and Delila Begay and Darlene Singer and Curtis Briscoe}, editor = {Heather H. Goltz}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.902253}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-13}, issuetitle = {Public Health Education and Promotion}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {10}, abstract = {To inform women of the Navajo Nation of safety measures implemented to minimize COVID-19 virus exposure during screening and treatment procedures at Navajo Nation based health care facilities, the Navajo Nation Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention Program (NNBCCPP) and the University-based Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention Program (NACP) collaborated to develop a podcast to describe the continued availability of services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, women of all ages and ethnicities in the US needing breast and cervical cancer prevention screenings and treatment, have been hesitant to seek services given the advice to avoid crowded spaces and maintain physical distancing. Epidemiological trends indicate that proactive, intensive strategies are needed in Native American communities for early detection and treatment to support early cancer diagnosis and improve cancer survival. The NNBCCPP and Northern Arizona University (NAU) through the National Institute of Health's National Cancer Institute funded NACP had a nascent partnership prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. This partnership relied on face-to-face interaction to allow for informal social interaction, facilitate clear communication and support continued trust building. To adhere to federal, state and tribal recommendations to minimize gatherings and to stay in-place to minimize the spread of the virus, the Navajo Nation and NAU restricted, and in most cases would not approve employee travel for partnership meetings. The plans to develop a podcast necessitated bringing additional members into the collaboration who were unfamiliar to the original partners and due to travel restrictions, required all interactions to be remote. This expanded group met virtually to develop a script, record and edit the podcast. More importantly, group members had to build and maintain trust over months of communicating via a teleconference video platform. This collaborative addressed challenges related to unstable Internet connections and periodic stay-at-home policies; thus, these emerging partners had to modify social and professional communication to respect and accommodate the stress and uncertain circumstances created by the pandemic on the citizens and employees of Navajo Nation. This case study describes strategies used to maintain and respect all members of the partnership.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To inform women of the Navajo Nation of safety measures implemented to minimize COVID-19 virus exposure during screening and treatment procedures at Navajo Nation based health care facilities, the Navajo Nation Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention Program (NNBCCPP) and the University-based Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention Program (NACP) collaborated to develop a podcast to describe the continued availability of services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, women of all ages and ethnicities in the US needing breast and cervical cancer prevention screenings and treatment, have been hesitant to seek services given the advice to avoid crowded spaces and maintain physical distancing. Epidemiological trends indicate that proactive, intensive strategies are needed in Native American communities for early detection and treatment to support early cancer diagnosis and improve cancer survival. The NNBCCPP and Northern Arizona University (NAU) through the National Institute of Health's National Cancer Institute funded NACP had a nascent partnership prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. This partnership relied on face-to-face interaction to allow for informal social interaction, facilitate clear communication and support continued trust building. To adhere to federal, state and tribal recommendations to minimize gatherings and to stay in-place to minimize the spread of the virus, the Navajo Nation and NAU restricted, and in most cases would not approve employee travel for partnership meetings. The plans to develop a podcast necessitated bringing additional members into the collaboration who were unfamiliar to the original partners and due to travel restrictions, required all interactions to be remote. This expanded group met virtually to develop a script, record and edit the podcast. More importantly, group members had to build and maintain trust over months of communicating via a teleconference video platform. This collaborative addressed challenges related to unstable Internet connections and periodic stay-at-home policies; thus, these emerging partners had to modify social and professional communication to respect and accommodate the stress and uncertain circumstances created by the pandemic on the citizens and employees of Navajo Nation. This case study describes strategies used to maintain and respect all members of the partnership. |
Camplain, Carolyn; Kirby, Christine; Barger, Steven D; Thomas, Heather; Tutt, Marissa; Elwell, Kristan; Young, Sara; Morrison, Gerlinda; Hyeoma, Stephanie; Baldwin, Julie A Community-based Participatory Research Approaches to Combat Oral Health Inequities Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations Journal Article Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 82 (1), pp. 79-82, 2022. @article{Camplain2022d, title = {Community-based Participatory Research Approaches to Combat Oral Health Inequities Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Carolyn Camplain and Christine Kirby and Steven D Barger and Heather Thomas and Marissa Tutt and Kristan Elwell and Sara Young and Gerlinda Morrison and Stephanie Hyeoma and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jphd.12525}, doi = {10.1111/jphd.12525}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-21}, journal = {Journal of Public Health Dentistry}, volume = {82}, number = {1}, pages = {79-82}, abstract = {American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have experienced a history of systemic racism and still face significant oral health disparities. These disparities extend to the youngest community members in the form of early childhood caries (ECC). Although behavior and biology contribute to ECC, the conditions where people live, grow, and work, and the systems and political and economic forces that shape individual health outcomes, are thought to greatly impact ECC among AI/AN populations. To address ECC in AI/AN communities, we used a community based participatory approach that incorporated social determinants of health. We found that implementing culturally-tailored, culturally-centered, and AI/AN-created materials for ECC interventions is viewed favorably by community members and tribal leaders. Because of the complexity of ECC in AI/AN communities we adopted a bundled approach of best practices to reduce ECC including: (1) incorporating locally, contextually, and culturally relevant strategies to present recommended ECC prevention approaches; (2) employing AI/AN community members as educators; (3) utilizing motivational interviewing with expectant mothers; and (4) providing fluoride varnish. Our work underscores the importance of developing trusting partnerships with each other and with our communities, drawing upon the insights of community advisory board members, and eliciting formative assessment data from tribal members to gain a more holistic understanding of our participants' lived experience to design relevant intervention materials. Incorporating local knowledge and situating Western oral health prevention approaches within culturally aligned frameworks can enhance partnerships and create sustainable materials for community work.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have experienced a history of systemic racism and still face significant oral health disparities. These disparities extend to the youngest community members in the form of early childhood caries (ECC). Although behavior and biology contribute to ECC, the conditions where people live, grow, and work, and the systems and political and economic forces that shape individual health outcomes, are thought to greatly impact ECC among AI/AN populations. To address ECC in AI/AN communities, we used a community based participatory approach that incorporated social determinants of health. We found that implementing culturally-tailored, culturally-centered, and AI/AN-created materials for ECC interventions is viewed favorably by community members and tribal leaders. Because of the complexity of ECC in AI/AN communities we adopted a bundled approach of best practices to reduce ECC including: (1) incorporating locally, contextually, and culturally relevant strategies to present recommended ECC prevention approaches; (2) employing AI/AN community members as educators; (3) utilizing motivational interviewing with expectant mothers; and (4) providing fluoride varnish. Our work underscores the importance of developing trusting partnerships with each other and with our communities, drawing upon the insights of community advisory board members, and eliciting formative assessment data from tribal members to gain a more holistic understanding of our participants' lived experience to design relevant intervention materials. Incorporating local knowledge and situating Western oral health prevention approaches within culturally aligned frameworks can enhance partnerships and create sustainable materials for community work. |
Carroll, Stephanie Russo; Suina, Michele; Jäger, Mary Beth; Black, Jessica; Cornell, Stephen; Gonzales, Angela A; Jorgensen, Miriam; Palmanteer-Holder, Nancy Lynn; Rosa, Jennifer De La S; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Reclaiming Indigenous Health in the US: Moving Beyond the Social Determinants of Health Journal Article Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (7495), 2022. @article{Carroll2022, title = {Reclaiming Indigenous Health in the US: Moving Beyond the Social Determinants of Health}, author = {Stephanie Russo Carroll and Michele Suina and Mary Beth Jäger and Jessica Black and Stephen Cornell and Angela A. Gonzales and Miriam Jorgensen and Nancy Lynn Palmanteer-Holder and Jennifer S. De La Rosa and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone }, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127495}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127495}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-18}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {7495}, abstract = {The lack of literature on Indigenous conceptions of health and the social determinants of health (SDH) for US Indigenous communities limits available information for Indigenous nations as they set policy and allocate resources to improve the health of their citizens. In 2015, eight scholars from tribal communities and mainstream educational institutions convened to examine: the limitations of applying the World Health Organization’s (WHO) SDH framework in Indigenous communities; Indigenizing the WHO SDH framework; and Indigenous conceptions of a healthy community. Participants critiqued the assumptions within the WHO SDH framework that did not cohere with Indigenous knowledges and epistemologies and created a schematic for conceptualizing health and categorizing its determinants. As Indigenous nations pursue a policy role in health and seek to improve the health and wellness of their nations’ citizens, definitions of Indigenous health and well-being should be community-driven and Indigenous-nation based. Policies and practices for Indigenous nations and Indigenous communities should reflect and arise from sovereignty and a comprehensive understanding of the nations and communities’ conceptions of health and its determinants beyond the SDH.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The lack of literature on Indigenous conceptions of health and the social determinants of health (SDH) for US Indigenous communities limits available information for Indigenous nations as they set policy and allocate resources to improve the health of their citizens. In 2015, eight scholars from tribal communities and mainstream educational institutions convened to examine: the limitations of applying the World Health Organization’s (WHO) SDH framework in Indigenous communities; Indigenizing the WHO SDH framework; and Indigenous conceptions of a healthy community. Participants critiqued the assumptions within the WHO SDH framework that did not cohere with Indigenous knowledges and epistemologies and created a schematic for conceptualizing health and categorizing its determinants. As Indigenous nations pursue a policy role in health and seek to improve the health and wellness of their nations’ citizens, definitions of Indigenous health and well-being should be community-driven and Indigenous-nation based. Policies and practices for Indigenous nations and Indigenous communities should reflect and arise from sovereignty and a comprehensive understanding of the nations and communities’ conceptions of health and its determinants beyond the SDH. |
Camplain, Ricky; Williamson, Heather J; Pinn, Travis A; Shuman, Sara; Robinson, Bethany M; Evans, Maribeth; Luna, Crystal Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 22 (239), 2022. @article{Camplain2022e, title = {Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Heather J. Williamson and Travis A. Pinn and Sara Shuman and Bethany M. Robinson and Maribeth Evans and Crystal Luna}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01831-w}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-022-01831-w}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-17}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {22}, number = {239}, abstract = {Of the more than 20 million adult Americans that have been or are currently incarcerated, more men are incarcerated compared to women. However, the rate of growth for women's imprisonment has outpaced men by more than double with a 700% increase since 1980 [1,2,3,4,5]. Although there has been a substantial increase in incarceration among women, because most people incarcerated are men, women’s health has been overlooked. Most women incarcerated in jail are not physically active and do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a time dedicated to being physically active, outside. The purpose of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during rec-time among women incarcerated in jail. We recruited and distributed a cross-sectional questionnaire to 100 women incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility (CCDF) in Flagstaff, Arizona from March to July 2020. Women were asked about their experience with rec-time at CCDF, including if they had ever attended, how often they attended, if they exercised at rec-time, activities they participated in, and facilitators, barriers, and benefits to attend rec-time. Among 99 women who completed the questionnaire, 89% had ever attended rec-time. Most women identified environmental- and health-related facilitators to attending rec-time including enjoying natural light (74%), getting fresh air (83%), a change in environment (62%), and to move around and exercise (72%). Many women indicated environmental-, equipment-, clothing, and motivation-related barriers to attending rec-time. Specifically, women believed there was a lack of equipment (56%) and limited access to proper footwear (49%).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Of the more than 20 million adult Americans that have been or are currently incarcerated, more men are incarcerated compared to women. However, the rate of growth for women's imprisonment has outpaced men by more than double with a 700% increase since 1980 [1,2,3,4,5]. Although there has been a substantial increase in incarceration among women, because most people incarcerated are men, women’s health has been overlooked. Most women incarcerated in jail are not physically active and do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a time dedicated to being physically active, outside. The purpose of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during rec-time among women incarcerated in jail. We recruited and distributed a cross-sectional questionnaire to 100 women incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility (CCDF) in Flagstaff, Arizona from March to July 2020. Women were asked about their experience with rec-time at CCDF, including if they had ever attended, how often they attended, if they exercised at rec-time, activities they participated in, and facilitators, barriers, and benefits to attend rec-time. Among 99 women who completed the questionnaire, 89% had ever attended rec-time. Most women identified environmental- and health-related facilitators to attending rec-time including enjoying natural light (74%), getting fresh air (83%), a change in environment (62%), and to move around and exercise (72%). Many women indicated environmental-, equipment-, clothing, and motivation-related barriers to attending rec-time. Specifically, women believed there was a lack of equipment (56%) and limited access to proper footwear (49%). |
Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky; III, Charles Lea H PLoS ONE, 17 (6), 2022. @article{Pro2022b, title = {The competing effects of racial discrimination and racial identity on the predicted number of days incarcerated in the US: A national profile of Black, Latino/Latina, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations}, author = {George Pro and Ricky Camplain and Charles H. Lea III}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268987}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0268987}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-08}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {17}, number = {6}, abstract = {Racial discrimination and racial identity may compete to influence incarceration risk. We estimated the predicted days incarcerated in a national US sample of Black, Latino/Latina, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Racial discrimination and racial identity may compete to influence incarceration risk. We estimated the predicted days incarcerated in a national US sample of Black, Latino/Latina, and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals. |
Pinn, Travis; Williamson, Heather; Robinson, Bethany; Shuman, Sara; Evans, Maria; Pro, George; Camplain, Ricky Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail Journal Article Health Justice, 10 (18), 2022. @article{Pinn2022, title = {Everything has changed”: detention officer roles and recreation time changes due to COVID-19 policies at a Southwest County Jail}, author = {Travis Pinn and Heather Williamson and Bethany Robinson and Sara Shuman and Maria Evans and George Pro and Ricky Camplain }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, doi = {10.1186/s40352-022-00181-x}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-04}, journal = {Health Justice}, volume = {10}, number = {18}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic responses in jails have forced detention officers to adjust how they approach the confinement and care of individuals while they are incarcerated. One aspect of incarceration affected was detention officers’ roles. The aims of this research project were to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general duties of detention officers at a Southwest County Jail. Detention officers were recruited via email to participate in an online questionnaire from October to December 2020. Participants answered Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their job duties. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify themes and patterns in the responses. |
O’Keefe, Victoria M; Fish, Jillian; Maudrie, Tara L; Hunter, Amanda M; Rakena, Hariata Tai G; Ullrich, Jessica Saniġaq; Clifford, Carrie; Crawford, Allison; Brockie, Teresa; Walls, Melissa; Haroz, Emily E; Cwik, Mary; Whitesell, Nancy Rumbaugh; Barlow, Allison Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19 (10), pp. 6271, 2022. @article{O’Keefe2022, title = {Centering Indigenous Knowledges and Worldviews: Applying the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model to Youth Mental Health and Wellness Research and Programs}, author = {Victoria M. O’Keefe and Jillian Fish and Tara L. Maudrie and Amanda M. Hunter and Hariata G. Tai Rakena and Jessica Saniġaq Ullrich and Carrie Clifford and Allison Crawford and Teresa Brockie and Melissa Walls and Emily E. Haroz and Mary Cwik and Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell and Allison Barlow}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106271}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19106271}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-21}, journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health}, volume = {19}, number = {10}, pages = {6271}, abstract = {Globally, Indigenous communities, leaders, mental health providers, and scholars have called for strengths-based approaches to mental health that align with Indigenous and holistic concepts of health and wellness. We applied the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model to strengths-based case examples of Indigenous youth mental health and wellness work occurring in CANZUS (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and United States). The case examples include research, community-led programs, and national advocacy. Indigenous youth development and well-being occur through strengths-based relationships across interconnected environmental levels. This approach promotes Indigenous youth and communities considering complete ecologies of Indigenous youth to foster their whole health, including mental health. Future research and programming will benefit from understanding and identifying common, strengths-based solutions beyond narrow intervention targets. This approach not only promotes Indigenous youth health and mental health, but ripples out across the entire ecosystem to promote community well-being.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Globally, Indigenous communities, leaders, mental health providers, and scholars have called for strengths-based approaches to mental health that align with Indigenous and holistic concepts of health and wellness. We applied the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model to strengths-based case examples of Indigenous youth mental health and wellness work occurring in CANZUS (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and United States). The case examples include research, community-led programs, and national advocacy. Indigenous youth development and well-being occur through strengths-based relationships across interconnected environmental levels. This approach promotes Indigenous youth and communities considering complete ecologies of Indigenous youth to foster their whole health, including mental health. Future research and programming will benefit from understanding and identifying common, strengths-based solutions beyond narrow intervention targets. This approach not only promotes Indigenous youth health and mental health, but ripples out across the entire ecosystem to promote community well-being. |
Jiménez, Dulce J; Sabo, Samantha; Remiker, Mark; Smith, Melinda; Longorio, Alexandra Samarron E; Williamson, Heather J; Chief, Carmenlita; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity Journal Article BMC Public Health, 22 (1), pp. 960, 2022. @article{Jiménez2022, title = {A Multisectoral Approach to Advance Health Equity in Rural northern Arizona: County-level Leaders' Perspectives on Health Equity}, author = {Dulce J. Jiménez and Samantha Sabo and Mark Remiker and Melinda Smith and Alexandra E. Samarron Longorio and Heather J. Williamson and Carmenlita Chief and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-13279-6}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-13}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {960}, abstract = {Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Multisectoral and public–private partnerships are critical in building the necessary infrastructure, policy, and political will to ameliorate health inequity. A focus on health equity by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers prioritizes action to address the systematic, avoidable, and unjust differences in health status across population groups sustained over time and generations that are beyond the control of individuals. Health equity requires a collective process in shaping the health and wellbeing of the communities in which we live, learn, work, play, and grow. This paper explores multisectoral leaders’ understanding of the social, environmental, and economic conditions that produce and sustain health inequity in northern Arizona, a geographically expansive, largely rural, and culturally diverse region. |
Joseph, Naveen; Propper, Catherine R; Goebel, Madeline; Henry, Shantel; Roy, Indrakshi; Kolok, Alan S Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West Journal Article Geohealth, 6 (5), 2022. @article{Joseph2022, title = {Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West}, author = {Naveen Joseph and Catherine R. Propper and Madeline Goebel and Shantel Henry and Indrakshi Roy and Alan S. Kolok}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9121053/}, doi = {10.1029/2021GH000544}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-01}, journal = {Geohealth}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P‐value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R‐squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales. |
2021 |
Sabo, Samantha; O'Meara, Louisa; Neel, Alisa Community Health Representative Workforce Assessment Phase II Journal Article 2021. @article{Sabo2021c, title = {Community Health Representative Workforce Assessment Phase II}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Louisa O'Meara and Alisa Neel}, url = {https://nau.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/160/CHR-Workforce-Assessment-Phase-II-Report_Final_ReducedSize_0.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, institution = {Northern Arizona Unversity}, organization = {Center for Health Equity Research}, abstract = {In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summit and Workforce Conferences to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Over time, the Policy Summit has resulted in an Arizona CHR Movement Coalition, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision and financing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summit and Workforce Conferences to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Over time, the Policy Summit has resulted in an Arizona CHR Movement Coalition, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision and financing. |
Schwartz, Anna L; Terry, Christopher M Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15), 2021. @article{Schwartz2021, title = {Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living with and beyond Cancer}, author = {Anna L. Schwartz and Christopher M. Terry}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158151}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18158151}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {15}, abstract = {Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to the lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training. Resources are introduced for providers to reference and direct patients to information for psychosocial support and instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present exercise considerations during and after cancer treatment for athletic cancer survivors. |
Sabo, Samantha; O'Meara, Louisa; Russell, Kim; Hemstreet, Corey; Nashio, J T; Bender, Brook; Hamilton, Joyce; Begay, Mae-Gilene Community Health Representative Workforce: Meeting the Moment in American Indian Health Equity Journal Article Frontiers in Public Health, 9 , 2021. @article{Sabo2021, title = {Community Health Representative Workforce: Meeting the Moment in American Indian Health Equity}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Louisa O'Meara and Kim Russell and Corey Hemstreet and J. T. Nashio and Brook Bender and Joyce Hamilton and Mae-Gilene Begay}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667926}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.667926}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-21}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {9}, abstract = {In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. CHRs are a highly trained, well-established standardized workforce serving the medical and social needs of American Indian communities. Nationally, the CHR workforce consists of ~1,700 CHRs, representing 264 Tribes. Of the 22 Tribes of Arizona, 19 Tribes operate a CHR Program and employ ~250 CHRs, equivalent to ~30% of the total CHW workforce in the state. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summits to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Overtime, the Policy Summits have resulted in the Arizona CHR Workforce Movement, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision, and financing. This community case study describes the impetus, collaborative process, and selected results of a 2019–2020 multi-phase CHR workforce assessment. Specifically, we highlight CHR core roles and competencies, contributions to the social determinant of health and well-being and the level to which CHRs are integrated within systems and teams. We offer recommendations for strengthening the workforce, increasing awareness of CHR roles and competencies, integrating CHRs within teams and systems, and mechanism for sustainability. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018, the Community Health Representative (CHR) workforce celebrated their 50th year and serve as the oldest and only federally funded Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce in the United States. CHRs are a highly trained, well-established standardized workforce serving the medical and social needs of American Indian communities. Nationally, the CHR workforce consists of ~1,700 CHRs, representing 264 Tribes. Of the 22 Tribes of Arizona, 19 Tribes operate a CHR Program and employ ~250 CHRs, equivalent to ~30% of the total CHW workforce in the state. Since 2015, Tribal CHR Programs of Arizona have come together for annual CHR Policy Summits to dialogue and plan for the unique issues and opportunities facing CHR workforce sustainability and advancement. Overtime, the Policy Summits have resulted in the Arizona CHR Workforce Movement, which advocates for inclusion of CHRs in state and national level dialogue regarding workforce standardization, certification, training, supervision, and financing. This community case study describes the impetus, collaborative process, and selected results of a 2019–2020 multi-phase CHR workforce assessment. Specifically, we highlight CHR core roles and competencies, contributions to the social determinant of health and well-being and the level to which CHRs are integrated within systems and teams. We offer recommendations for strengthening the workforce, increasing awareness of CHR roles and competencies, integrating CHRs within teams and systems, and mechanism for sustainability. |
Lee, Michele Sky; Day, Arden; Camplain, Carolyn; Papini, Natalie; Smith, Melinda; Compton-Gore, Kate; Gardner, Julia Remembering the “Who” and the “How” When Working with Tribal Communities Journal Article Harvard Public Health Review, 30 , 2021. @article{Lee2021, title = {Remembering the “Who” and the “How” When Working with Tribal Communities}, author = {Michele Sky Lee and Arden Day and Carolyn Camplain and Natalie Papini and Melinda Smith and Kate Compton-Gore and Julia Gardner}, url = {https://harvardpublichealthreview.org/30-article-lee./}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {Harvard Public Health Review}, volume = {30}, abstract = {As doctoral students studying in the field of public health and working with tribal communities, we have had the opportunity to witness the unfolding effects of COVID-19 on diverse populations alongside our public health coursework steeped in theory and research. While in our classes, we examined COVID-19 through different social determinants of health lenses (Marmot & Allen, 2014). For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated an urgent response from public health officials, for which messages of social distancing and hand washing, among others, emerged. While this response was informed by public health officials, these messages were often detached from the complexity of social and environmental factors that are particularly germane to tribal communities. As a group of future public health leaders, we have observed this disconnect and believe the field of public health can strive to better recognize the social determinants of health relevant to tribal communities, including understanding “who” the communities are and “how” to work with communities towards public health solutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As doctoral students studying in the field of public health and working with tribal communities, we have had the opportunity to witness the unfolding effects of COVID-19 on diverse populations alongside our public health coursework steeped in theory and research. While in our classes, we examined COVID-19 through different social determinants of health lenses (Marmot & Allen, 2014). For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated an urgent response from public health officials, for which messages of social distancing and hand washing, among others, emerged. While this response was informed by public health officials, these messages were often detached from the complexity of social and environmental factors that are particularly germane to tribal communities. As a group of future public health leaders, we have observed this disconnect and believe the field of public health can strive to better recognize the social determinants of health relevant to tribal communities, including understanding “who” the communities are and “how” to work with communities towards public health solutions. |
Tippens, Julie A; Hatton-Bowers, Holly; Honomichl, Ryan; Wheeler, Lorey A; Miamidian, Helen M; Bash, Kirstie L; Smith, Michelle Howell C; Nyaoro, Dulo; Byrd, Joshua J; Packard, Samuel E; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya Journal Article American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91 (5), pp. 626–634, 2021. @article{Tippens2021, title = {Psychological distress prevalence and associated stressors and supports among urban-displaced Congolese adults in Kenya}, author = {Julie A. Tippens and Holly Hatton-Bowers and Ryan Honomichl and Lorey A. Wheeler and Helen M. Miamidian and Kirstie L. Bash and Michelle C. Howell Smith and Dulo Nyaoro and Joshua J Byrd and Samuel E. Packard and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000564}, doi = {10.1037/ort0000564}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-01}, journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {626–634}, abstract = {There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } There is limited understanding of the prevalence of psychological distress and associated stressors and supports among displaced adults in low- and middle-income first asylum countries. Method: This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study. We recruited 245 Congolese adults (18–80 years) residing in Nairobi, Kenya using snowball sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), and a locally developed stressors and supports survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations among sociodemographic, stressor, and support variables and the likelihood of experiencing psychological distress. Results: More than half of the participants (52.8%) reported symptoms indicative of psychological distress. Factors associated with increased psychological distress included perceiving to have a useful role in one’s family or community, AOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.1.17, 3.11], p = .012, feeling confused or not knowing what to do, AOR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.20, 4.6], p = .014, and feeling afraid to leave home for medical/health care to help with an illness, AOR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.17, 2.15], p < .01. Additionally, ethnic Banyamulenge Congolese adults without legal refugee status had an increased likelihood of experiencing psychological distress, AOR = .07; 95% CI [0, .74], p = .035. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to understand how to implement targeted mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to improve urban-displaced adults’ sense of safety and belonging. Our findings suggest that legal refugee status is an important structural determinant of mental health, which should be considered in MHPSS practice and policy. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lininger, Monica R; Baldwin, Julie A; II, Robert Trotter T Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (13), 2021. @article{Camplain2021, title = {Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Julie A. Baldwin and Robert T. Trotter II}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137007}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18137007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-30}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health }, volume = {18}, number = {13}, abstract = {We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease. |
Akintobi, Tabia Henry; Sheikhattari, Payam; Shaffer, Emma; Evans, Christina L; Braun, Kathryn L; Sy, Angela U; Mancera, Bibiana; Campa, Adriana; Miller, Stephania T; Sarpong, Daniel; Holliday, Rhonda; Jimenez-Chavez, Julio; Khan, Shafiq; Hinton, Cimona; Sellars-Bates, Kimberly; Ajewole, Veronica; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (12), 2021. @article{Akintobi2021, title = {Community Engagement Practices at Research Centers in U.S. Minority Institutions: Priority Populations and Innovative Approaches to Advancing Health Disparities Research}, author = {Tabia Henry Akintobi and Payam Sheikhattari and Emma Shaffer and Christina L. Evans and Kathryn L. Braun and Angela U. Sy and Bibiana Mancera and Adriana Campa and Stephania T. Miller and Daniel Sarpong and Rhonda Holliday and Julio Jimenez-Chavez and Shafiq Khan and Cimona Hinton and Kimberly Sellars-Bates and Veronica Ajewole and Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126675}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126675}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-21}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health }, volume = {18}, number = {12}, abstract = {This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper details U.S. Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Community Engagement Cores (CECs): (1) unique and cross-cutting components, focus areas, specific aims, and target populations; and (2) approaches utilized to build or sustain trust towards community participation in research. A mixed-method data collection approach was employed for this cross-sectional study of current or previously funded RCMIs. A total of 18 of the 25 institutions spanning 13 U.S. states and territories participated. CEC specific aims were to support community engaged research (94%); to translate and disseminate research findings (88%); to develop partnerships (82%); and to build capacity around community research (71%). Four open-ended questions, qualitative analysis, and comparison of the categories led to the emergence of two supporting themes: (1) establishing trust between the community-academic collaborators and within the community and (2) building collaborative relationships. An overarching theme, building community together through trust and meaningful collaborations, emerged from the supporting themes and subthemes. The RCMI institutions and their CECs serve as models to circumvent the historical and current challenges to research in communities disproportionately affected by health disparities. Lessons learned from these cores may help other institutions who want to build community trust in and capacities for research that addresses community-related health concerns. |
Jones, Christopher W; Morales, Crystal G; Eltiste, Sharon L; Yanchik-Slade, Francine E; Lee, Naomi R; Nilsson, Bradley L Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons Journal Article Journal of Peptide Science, 27 , 2021. @article{Jones2021, title = {Capacity for increased surface area in the hydrophobic core of β-sheet peptide bilayer nanoribbons}, author = {Christopher W. Jones and Crystal G. Morales and Sharon L. Eltiste and Francine E. Yanchik-Slade and Naomi R. Lee and Bradley L. Nilsson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.3334}, doi = {10.1002/psc.3334}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-20}, journal = {Journal of Peptide Science}, volume = {27}, abstract = {Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Amphipathic peptides with amino acids arranged in alternating patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues efficiently self-assemble into β-sheet bilayer nanoribbons. Hydrophobic side chain functionality is effectively buried in the interior of the putative bilayer of these nanoribbons. This study investigates consequences on self-assembly of increasing the surface area of aromatic side chain groups that reside in the hydrophobic core of nanoribbons derived from Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides (X = hydrophobic residue). A series of Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides incorporating aromatic amino acids of increasing molecular volume and steric profile (X = phenylalanine [Phe], homophenylalanine [Hph], tryptophan [Trp], 1-naphthylalanine [1-Nal], 2-naphthylalanine [2-Nal], or biphenylalanine [Bip]) were assessed to determine substitution effects on self-assembly propensity and on morphology of the resulting nanoribbon structures. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating amino acids of differing steric profile in the hydrophobic core (Ac-X1KFEFKFE-NH2 and Ac-(X1,5KFE)-NH2 peptides, X = Trp or Bip). Spectroscopic analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated β-sheet formation for all variants. Self-assembly rate increased with peptide hydrophobicity; increased molecular volume of the hydrophobic side chain groups did not appear to induce kinetic penalties on self-assembly rates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging indicated variation in fibril morphology as a function of amino acid in the X positions. This study confirms that hydrophobicity of amphipathic Ac-(XKXE)2-NH2 peptides correlates to self-assembly propensity and that the hydrophobic core of the resulting nanoribbon bilayers has a significant capacity to accommodate sterically demanding functional groups. These findings provide insight that may be used to guide the exploitation of self-assembled amphipathic peptides as functional biomaterials. |
Sharma, Vinita; Levin, Bruce Lubotsky; Rahill, Guitele J; Baldwin, Julie A; Luitel, Aditi; Marhefka, Stephanie L Psychiatry Quarterly, 92 , pp. 1595–1609, 2021. @article{Sharma2021, title = {Post-earthquake Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and their Correlates among College-Youths in Kathmandu, Nepal}, author = {Vinita Sharma and Bruce Lubotsky Levin and Guitele J. Rahill and Julie A. Baldwin and Aditi Luitel and Stephanie L. Marhefka }, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34109493/}, doi = {10.1007/s11126-021-09928-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-09}, journal = {Psychiatry Quarterly}, volume = {92}, pages = {1595–1609}, abstract = {Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures. |
Sabo, Samantha; Wexler, Nancy; O'Meara, Louisa; Dreifuss, Heather; Soto, Yanitza; Redondo, Floribella; Carter, Heather; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Ingram, Maia Frontiers in Public Health, 9 , 2021. @article{Sabo2021b, title = {Organizational Readiness for Community Health Worker Workforce Integration Among Medicaid Contracted Health Plans and Provider Networks: An Arizona Case Study}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Nancy Wexler and Louisa O'Meara and Heather Dreifuss and Yanitza Soto and Floribella Redondo and Heather Carter and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Maia Ingram}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.601908/full}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.601908}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-07}, journal = {Frontiers in Public Health}, volume = {9}, abstract = {Understanding and building organizational capacity for system change and the integration of the Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce within the health scare sector requires a supportive organizational culture among sector leaders and providers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to assess organizational readiness for CHW workforce integration into Arizona Medicaid health systems and care teams. This collaborative effort was in direct response to emergent state and national CHW workforce policy opportunities, and the shifting health care landscape in Arizona – which merged behavior and physical health. Specifically, and in collaboration with a broad-based, statewide CHW workforce coalition, led by the CHW professional association, we assessed 245 licensed health care professionals with experience working with CHWs and 16 Medicaid-contracted health plan leadership. Our goal was to generate a baseline understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs these stakeholders held about the integration of CHWs into systems and teams. Our findings demonstrate a high level of organizational readiness and action toward integration of CHWs within the Arizona health care system and care teams. CHWs have emerged as a health care workforce able to enhance the patient experience of care, improve population health, reduce cost of care, and improve the experience of providing care among clinicians and staff.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding and building organizational capacity for system change and the integration of the Community Health Worker (CHW) workforce within the health scare sector requires a supportive organizational culture among sector leaders and providers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to assess organizational readiness for CHW workforce integration into Arizona Medicaid health systems and care teams. This collaborative effort was in direct response to emergent state and national CHW workforce policy opportunities, and the shifting health care landscape in Arizona – which merged behavior and physical health. Specifically, and in collaboration with a broad-based, statewide CHW workforce coalition, led by the CHW professional association, we assessed 245 licensed health care professionals with experience working with CHWs and 16 Medicaid-contracted health plan leadership. Our goal was to generate a baseline understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs these stakeholders held about the integration of CHWs into systems and teams. Our findings demonstrate a high level of organizational readiness and action toward integration of CHWs within the Arizona health care system and care teams. CHWs have emerged as a health care workforce able to enhance the patient experience of care, improve population health, reduce cost of care, and improve the experience of providing care among clinicians and staff. |
Eaves, Emery R; Barber, Jarrett; Whealy, Ryann; Clancey, Sara A; Wright, Rita; Cocking, Jill Hager; Spadafino, Joseph; Hepp, Crystal M Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017 Journal Article PLOS ONE, 16 (6), 2021. @article{Eaves2021, title = {Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Jarrett Barber and Ryann Whealy and Sara A. Clancey and Rita Wright and Jill Hager Cocking and Joseph Spadafino and Crystal M. Hepp }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0248476}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-03}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, abstract = {In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona. We analyzed approximately 1.2 million electronic medical records from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database to identify patterns and disparities across socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and/or geographic groupings. In addition, we identified comorbid conditions that are differentially associated with NOWS in neonates or opioid dependence in mothers. Our analysis was designed to assess whether indicators such as race/ethnicity, insurance payer, marital status, and comorbidities are related to the use of opioids while pregnant. Our findings suggest that women and neonates who are non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged, tend be part of our populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth are unmarried more often than expected, and we suggest that marital status could be a proxy for support. Finally, we identified comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent not previously reported. |
Crane, Jill M; Williamson, Heather J; Raley, Sheida K; Hagiwara, Mayumi; Lee, Chung Eun; Havercamp, Susan M Who Is Leading the Field in 2020?: AAIDD Students and Early Career Professionals Journal Article Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59 (1), pp. 217-223, 2021. @article{Crane2021, title = {Who Is Leading the Field in 2020?: AAIDD Students and Early Career Professionals}, author = {Jill M Crane and Heather J Williamson and Sheida K Raley and Mayumi Hagiwara and Chung Eun Lee and Susan M Havercamp}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34030179/}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-59.3.217}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {217-223}, abstract = {The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) has been a leader in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities since its founding in 1876. Today, student and early career professionals make up approximately 8.5% of the organization, with their engagement supported by the Student and Early Career Professional Interest Network (SECP). An article by Havercamp et al. (2003), "Who Will Lead the Field Beyond 2020?", recommended organizational changes that have been largely addressed in the years following by SECP. The present research replicates Havercamp et al.'s (2003) original survey of the organization's student and early career professionals, and results support the effectiveness of SECP as a welcoming platform from which students and early career professionals can establish themselves in the organization.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) has been a leader in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities since its founding in 1876. Today, student and early career professionals make up approximately 8.5% of the organization, with their engagement supported by the Student and Early Career Professional Interest Network (SECP). An article by Havercamp et al. (2003), "Who Will Lead the Field Beyond 2020?", recommended organizational changes that have been largely addressed in the years following by SECP. The present research replicates Havercamp et al.'s (2003) original survey of the organization's student and early career professionals, and results support the effectiveness of SECP as a welcoming platform from which students and early career professionals can establish themselves in the organization. |
Abdul-Chani, Monical; Moreno, Christopher P; Reeder, Julia A; Zuckerman, Katherine; Lindly, Olivia Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation Journal Article Research in Developmental Disabilities, 115 , 2021. @article{Abdul-Chani2021, title = {Perceived community disability stigma in multicultural, low-income populations: Measure development and validation}, author = {Monical Abdul-Chani and Christopher P Moreno and Julia A Reeder and Katherine Zuckerman and Olivia Lindly}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103997}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-29}, journal = {Research in Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {115}, abstract = {Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stigma and knowledge about disabilities differ across groups, impacting care. No validated measures of perceived community disability stigma exist for families in multicultural communities, at risk for disparities. |
Williamson, Heather J; Armin, Julie S; Stakely, Ellen; Nasimi, Bonny; Joseph, Darold H; Meyers, Jon; Baldwin, Julie A Community-Engaged Research to Address Health Disparities of Indigenous Women With Disabilities Journal Article Annals of International Occupational Therapy, 4 (3), 2021. @article{Williamson2021, title = {Community-Engaged Research to Address Health Disparities of Indigenous Women With Disabilities}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Julie S. Armin and Ellen Stakely and Bonny Nasimi and Darold H. Joseph and Jon Meyers and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3928/24761222-20201202-02}, doi = {10.3928/24761222-20201202-02}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-21}, journal = {Annals of International Occupational Therapy}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, abstract = {To address health disparities among underserved populations, occupational therapists can participate in community-engaged research and practice to improve access to preventive health services. This study used grounded theory and participant observation approaches to identify lessons learned from a community-engaged research project to improve cancer screening rates for Indigenous women with an intellectual and/or developmental disability (IDD). Audio recordings of meetings with a community advisory board (AB) were analyzed with an inductive coding approach, and results were member checked with AB members. The AB members (N = 8) were involved in statewide Indigenous health, cancer, and disability activities. Six of the eight AB members :Key themes highlighted within the Indigenous research framework included reflection, relationship building, project planning, and project execution. Results of this phase of the research project highlight the importance of codesigning research projects with Indigenous communities. The findings have limited transferability to other research contexts. However, this study highlights the need for future research on best practices for occupational therapists to participate in community-engaged research projects to address health disparities in underserved populations, such as Indigenous women with IDD. [Annals of International Occupational Therapy. 2021;4(3):e158–e165.]}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To address health disparities among underserved populations, occupational therapists can participate in community-engaged research and practice to improve access to preventive health services. This study used grounded theory and participant observation approaches to identify lessons learned from a community-engaged research project to improve cancer screening rates for Indigenous women with an intellectual and/or developmental disability (IDD). Audio recordings of meetings with a community advisory board (AB) were analyzed with an inductive coding approach, and results were member checked with AB members. The AB members (N = 8) were involved in statewide Indigenous health, cancer, and disability activities. Six of the eight AB members :Key themes highlighted within the Indigenous research framework included reflection, relationship building, project planning, and project execution. Results of this phase of the research project highlight the importance of codesigning research projects with Indigenous communities. The findings have limited transferability to other research contexts. However, this study highlights the need for future research on best practices for occupational therapists to participate in community-engaged research projects to address health disparities in underserved populations, such as Indigenous women with IDD. [Annals of International Occupational Therapy. 2021;4(3):e158–e165.] |
Kumar, Amit; Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol M; Erler, Kimberly S; Rudolph, James L; Baldwin, Julie A Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020 Journal Article Journal of American Medical Direct Association, 22 (5), pp. 966-970, 2021. @article{Kumar2021b, title = {Shifting US Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From June-December 2020}, author = {Amit Kumar and Indrakshi Roy and Amol M Karmarkar and Kimberly S Erler and James L Rudolph and Julie A Baldwin}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1525861021002553?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.034}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of American Medical Direct Association}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {966-970}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States and has been devastating for residents of nursing homes (NHs). However, evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related mortality rates within NHs and how that has changed over time has been limited. This study examines the impact of a high proportion of minority residents in NHs on COVID-19-related mortality rates over a 30-week period. |
Pro, George; Schumacher, Krista; Hubach, Randolph; Zaller, Nickolas; Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky; Camplain, Carolyn; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality Journal Article Rural and Remote Health, 21 , 2021. @article{Pro2021, title = {US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality}, author = {George Pro and Krista Schumacher and Randolph Hubach and Nickolas Zaller and Zachary Giano and Ricky Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6596}, doi = {10.22605/RRH6596}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-04}, journal = {Rural and Remote Health}, volume = {21}, abstract = {Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Face masks are widely recommended as a COVID-19 prevention strategy. State mask mandates have generally reduced the spread of the disease, but decisions to wear a mask depend on many factors. Recent increases in case rates in rural areas following initial outbreaks in more densely populated areas highlight the need to focus on prevention and education. Messaging about disease risk has faced challenges in rural areas in the past. While surges in cases within some communities are likely an impetus for behavior change, rising case rates likely explain only part of mask-wearing decisions. The current study examined the relationship between county-level indicators of rurality and mask wearing in the USA. National data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 cross-sectional mask survey was used to identify the percentage of a county’s residents who reported always/frequently wearing a mask (2–14 July 2020). The New York Times’ COVID-19 data repository was used to calculate county-level daily case rates for the 2 weeks preceding the mask survey (15 June – 1 July 2020), and defined county rurality using the Index of Relative Rurality (n=3103 counties). Multivariate linear regression was used to predict mask wearing across levels of rurality. The model was adjusted for daily case rates and other relevant county-level confounders, including county-level indicators of age, race/ethnicity, gender, political partisanship, income inequality, and whether each county was subject to a statewide mask mandate. Large clusters of counties with high rurality and low mask wearing were observed in the Midwest, upper Midwest, and mountainous West. Holding daily case rates and other county characteristics constant, the predicted probability of wearing a mask decreased significantly as counties became more rural (β=–0.560; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Upticks in COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural areas are expected to continue, and localized outbreaks will likely occur indefinitely. The present findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying perceptions of COVID-19 risk in rural areas. Dissemination of scientifically correct and consistent information is critical during national emergencies. |
Sabo, Samantha; Wightman, Patrick; McCue, Kelly; Butler, Matthew; Pilling, Vern; andMartín Celaya, Dulce Jimenez J; Rumann, Sara BMJ Open, 11 (6), 2021. @article{Sabo2021d, title = {Addressing maternal and child health equity through a community health worker home visiting intervention to reduce low birth weight: retrospective quasi-experimental study of the Arizona Health Start Programme}, author = {Samantha Sabo and Patrick Wightman and Kelly McCue and Matthew Butler and Vern Pilling and Dulce J Jimenez andMartín Celaya and Sara Rumann}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045014}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {BMJ Open}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, abstract = {To test if participation in the Health Start Programme, an Arizona statewide Community Health Worker (CHW) maternal and child health (MCH) home visiting programme, reduced rates of low birth weight (LBW), very LBW (VLBW), extremely LBW (ELBW) and preterm birth (PTB).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To test if participation in the Health Start Programme, an Arizona statewide Community Health Worker (CHW) maternal and child health (MCH) home visiting programme, reduced rates of low birth weight (LBW), very LBW (VLBW), extremely LBW (ELBW) and preterm birth (PTB). |
s. Lane, Taylor; Sonderegger, Derek L; Holeva-Eklund, Whitney M; Brazendale, Keith; K.Behrens, Timothy; Howdeshell, Hiliary; Walka, Sherry; R.Cook, Jon; Heer, Hendrik D.de Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (5), pp. 658-665, 2021. @article{Lane2021, title = {Seasonal Variability in Weight Gain Among American Indian, Black, White, and Hispanic Children: A 3.5-Year Study}, author = {Taylor s. Lane and Derek L. Sonderegger and Whitney M. Holeva-Eklund and Keith Brazendale and Timothy K.Behrens and Hiliary Howdeshell and Sherry Walka and Jon R.Cook and Hendrik D.de Heer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, abstract = {Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several studies have reported that children gain more weight during the summer season. Despite high obesity rates, little research has included American Indian/Alaskan Native children, and few studies have been longitudinal. This observational study examines seasonal weight variability over 3.5 years among ethnically diverse children, including 2,184 American Indian/Alaskan Native children. Children gained significantly more weight during the summer season, with the strongest effects for children who were obese. American Indian/Alaskan Native children had less seasonal variability than White children, but higher overall obesity rates. These data underscore summer as a critical time for obesity prevention among children who are overweight/obese but suggest that seasonal patterns may vary for American Indian/Alaskan Native children. |
Camplain, Ricky; Lopez, Nanette V; Cooper, Dan M; McKenzie, Thomas L; Zheng, Kai; Radom-Aizik, Shlomit Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools Journal Article Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 5 (1), 2021. @article{Camplain2021b, title = {Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools}, author = {Ricky Camplain and Nanette V. Lopez and Dan M. Cooper and Thomas L. McKenzie and Kai Zheng and Shlomit Radom-Aizik}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.786}, doi = {10.1017/cts.2021.786}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-30}, journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM). |
Black, Caroline Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children Journal Article Family Process, 2021. @article{Black2021, title = {Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children}, author = {Caroline Black}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12663}, doi = {10.1111/famp.12663}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-26}, journal = {Family Process}, abstract = {Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents’ relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children’s psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers’ emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families’ strengths and applied to practice-based settings. |
Park, Daesik; Propper, Catherine R; Wang, Guangning; Salanga, Matthew C Ecotoxicology, 30 , pp. 711–718, 2021. @article{Park2021, title = {Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations}, author = {Daesik Park and Catherine R Propper and Guangning Wang and Matthew C Salanga}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8 }, doi = {10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-03}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {30}, pages = {711–718}, abstract = {Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures. |
Samtani, Grace; Bassford, Tamsen L; Williamson, Heather J; Armin, Julie S Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59 (2), 2021. @article{Samtani2021, title = {Are Researchers Addressing Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the U.S.? A Scoping Review}, author = {Grace Samtani and Tamsen L. Bassford and Heather J. Williamson and Julie S. Armin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-59.2.141}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, abstract = {People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) often encounter barriers in the health care system when seeking general and specialized medical care. Literature has shown that PWIDD experience a lack of proper screening for and prevention of cancer compared to the general population. However, less is known regarding the cancer care and survivorship of PWIDD, especially in the United States. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the primary, psychosocial, and palliative care of PWIDD diagnosed with cancer. Our analyses reveal an immediate need for improvement in caregiver support, collaboration among health care providers, and ethical approaches to information disclosure for this population, as well as the establishment of more reliable standards of care through additional research with PWIDD. |
Ahlers, Kaitlyn P; Ayers, Kara B; Iadarola, Suzannah; Hughes, Rosemary B; Lee, Hyon Soo; Williamson, Heather J Developmental Disabilities Network Journal, 1 (2), 2021, ISBN: 2694-1104. @article{Ahlers2021, title = {Adapting Participatory Action Research to Include Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic}, author = {Kaitlyn P. Ahlers and Kara B. Ayers and Suzannah Iadarola and Rosemary B. Hughes and Hyon Soo Lee and Heather J. Williamson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.26077/ec55-409c}, doi = {10.26077/ec55-409c}, isbn = {2694-1104}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Developmental Disabilities Network Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, abstract = {Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Participatory action research (PAR), or the inclusion of those affected by the issues being studied, is a growing area of emphasis in disability research. The principles of PAR align with those of the disability rights movement, such that full inclusion and “nothing about us without us” extends as much to research as it does to any other area of life. Moreover, PAR allows for meaningful input from people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), which enhances the likelihood that research results are relevant and important to the disability community. As research activity resumes and is adapted to the context of a global pandemic, it is crucial that a balance is struck to optimize the safety of individuals with I/DD without taking steps backwards from the progress towards more meaningful inclusion in research. Lessons learned from past participatory research projects have demonstrated that accommodations to enable equitable participation of individuals with IDD in the research process are crucial. COVID-19 has significantly affected the lives of individuals with I/DD directly; however, COVID-19 has also affected those with I/DD indirectly through the disruption to critical intervention and other clinical research. As research processes are adapted to align with COVID-19 guidelines, the inclusion of individuals with I/DD via PAR needs to be adapted as well. Recommendations for the continuation of PAR in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed as well as ways in which accommodations can be modified to this new context. |
Mousavia, Sajad; Afghah, Fatemeh; Khadem, Fatemeh; Acharya, Rajendra U ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals Journal Article Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 202 , 2021, ISBN: 105959. @article{Mousavia2021, title = {ECG Language processing (ELP): A new technique to analyze ECG signals}, author = {Sajad Mousavia and Fatemeh Afghah and Fatemeh Khadem and U. Rajendra Acharya}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105959}, isbn = {105959}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-04-01}, journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, volume = {202}, abstract = {A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A language is constructed of a finite/infinite set of sentences composing of words. Similar to natural languages, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the most common noninvasive tool to study the functionality of the heart and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias, is made up of sequences of three or four distinct waves, including the P-wave, QRS complex, T-wave, and U-wave. An ECG signal may contain several different varieties of each wave (e.g., the QRS complex can have various appearances). For this reason, the ECG signal is a sequence of heartbeats similar to sentences in natural languages) and each heartbeat is composed of a set of waves (similar to words in a sentence) of different morphologies. Experimental results on three databases (i.e., PhysioNet’s MIT-BIH, MIT-BIH AFIB, and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 AFIB Dataset databases) reveal that the proposed approach as a general idea can be applied to a variety of biomedical applications and can achieve remarkable performance. |
Lockhart, Elizabeth; Turner, DeAnne; Martinez-Tyson, Dinorah; Baldwin, Julie A; Marhefka, Stephanie L Opportunities for and Perceptions of Integrating Community Health Workers Via the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Health Homes Journal Article Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 27 (01), pp. 193-200, 2021. @article{Lockhart2021, title = {Opportunities for and Perceptions of Integrating Community Health Workers Via the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Health Homes}, author = {Elizabeth Lockhart and DeAnne Turner and Dinorah Martinez-Tyson and Julie A Baldwin and Stephanie L Marhefka}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/Fulltext/2021/03000/Opportunities_for_and_Perceptions_of_Integrating.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000001118}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Journal of Public Health Management and Practice}, volume = {27}, number = {01}, pages = {193-200}, abstract = {The Affordable Care Act created opportunities for innovative, cost-saving measures to improve health care access. Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who have a close understanding of the communities they serve. States that expanded Medicaid coverage could also create Medicaid Health Homes (MHHs)-virtual health care networks-to coordinate care for people with chronic conditions. New York was the second state to implement MHHs and gave the option to include CHWs as part of the health care team.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Affordable Care Act created opportunities for innovative, cost-saving measures to improve health care access. Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who have a close understanding of the communities they serve. States that expanded Medicaid coverage could also create Medicaid Health Homes (MHHs)-virtual health care networks-to coordinate care for people with chronic conditions. New York was the second state to implement MHHs and gave the option to include CHWs as part of the health care team. |
Evans, Linnea; Engelman, Michal; Mikulas, Alex; Malecki, Kristen How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review Journal Article Social Science & Medicine, 273 , 2021, ISBN: 113738. @article{Evans2021, title = {How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review}, author = {Linnea Evans and Michal Engelman and Alex Mikulas and Kristen Malecki}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113738}, isbn = {113738}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {273}, abstract = {Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Future social epigenetics research should prioritize larger, more diverse and representative population-based samples and employ the SDOH framework to better inform the conceptualization of research questions and interpretation of findings. In particular, the simplified depiction of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as individual-level characteristics should be updated with an explicit acknowledgement that these characteristics are more accurately interpreted as cues used by society to differentiate subpopulations. Social epigenetics research can then more clearly elucidate the biological consequences of these social exposures for patterns of gene expression, subsequent disease etiology, and health inequities. |
Fotoohinasab, Atiyeh; Hocking, Toby; Afghah, Fatemeh A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection Journal Article Computers in Biology and Medicine, 130 , 2021, ISBN: 104208. @article{Fotoohinasab2021, title = {A greedy graph search algorithm based on changepoint analysis for automatic QRS complex detection}, author = {Atiyeh Fotoohinasab and Toby Hocking and Fatemeh Afghah}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104208}, isbn = {104208}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-01}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {130}, abstract = {The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most widely used non-invasive tool for the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. Automatic delineation of ECG fiducial points, in particular the R-peak, serves as the basis for ECG processing and analysis. This study proposes a new method of ECG signal analysis by introducing a new class of graphical models based on optimal changepoint detection models, named the graph-constrained changepoint detection (GCCD) model. The GCCD model treats fiducial points delineation in the non-stationary ECG signal as a changepoint detection problem. The proposed model exploits the sparsity of changepoints to detect abrupt changes within the ECG signal; thereby, the R-peak detection task can be relaxed from any preprocessing step. In this novel approach, prior biological knowledge about the expected sequence of changes is incorporated into the model using the constraint graph, which can be defined manually or automatically. First, we define the constraint graph manually; then, we present a graph learning algorithm that can search for an optimal graph in a greedy scheme. Finally, we compare the manually defined graphs and learned graphs in terms of graph structure and detection accuracy. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The proposed model achieves an overall sensitivity of 99.64%, positive predictivity of 99.71%, and detection error rate of 0.19 for the manually defined constraint graph and overall sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 99.68%, and detection error rate of 0.55 for the automatic learning constraint graph. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Lee-Regalado, Morgan Hustead; Bacon, Rachel; Garcia, Evie Y; Dunn, Dorothy; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Julie A Family & Community Health, 2021. @article{McCarthy2021, title = {Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias}, author = {Michael J. McCarthy and Morgan Hustead Lee-Regalado and Rachel Bacon and Y. Evie Garcia and Dorothy Dunn and Heather J. Williamson and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/familyandcommunityhealth/Abstract/9000/Development_and_Validation_of_a_Community.99961.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/FCH.0000000000000297}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-23}, journal = {Family & Community Health}, abstract = {Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally–based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers. |
Kahn, Carmella B; Dreifuss, Heather; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Tutt, Marissa; McCue, Kelly Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork Journal Article Frontiers in Sociology, 2021. @article{Kahn2021, title = {Adapting Summer Education Programs for Navajo Students: Resilient Teamwork}, author = {Carmella B Kahn and Heather Dreifuss and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Marissa Tutt and Kelly McCue }, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.617994}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-08}, journal = {Frontiers in Sociology}, abstract = {In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In May 2020, the Navajo Native American Research Center for Health Partnership (Navajo NARCH) was scheduled to launch two summer programs: a 10 weeks-long Summer Research Enhancement Program (SREP) for undergraduate students to learn and practice health research methods and participate in a practicum experience, and a week-long Indigenous Summer Enhancement Program (ISEP) for high school students that introduces a range of health professions and develops leadership qualities. Students accepted into the programs are predominantly Navajo and live within Navajo Nation (NN) during the summer. Due to NN restrictions and CDC guidelines for physically distancing in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo NARCH team organized to offer both programs entirely online via Zoom™. This paper explores the instructional teams’ adaptation process to maintain a commitment to preserve the programs’ supportive environment for exploring and developing strong multicultural approaches in public health and health research. In preparation for online instruction, the team developed and offered workshops for staff and instructors to address anticipated challenges. The team identified the following challenges: technological difficulties, social disconnectedness, consistent student engagement, and facilitation of a practicum research experience. Results showed that program adaptations were successful as the team applied collaborative and holistic approaches, and established social connections remotely with students to offer meaningful research and practicum experiences. |
Yagüe, David Panisello; Mihaljevic, Joseph; Mbegbu, M; Wood, C V; Hepp, Crystal; Kyman, S; Hornstra, H; Trotter, Robert; Cope, Emily; Pearson, Talima Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures Journal Article Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021. @article{Yagüe2021, title = {Survival of Staphylococcus aureus on sampling swabs stored at different temperatures}, author = {David Panisello Yagüe and Joseph Mihaljevic and M. Mbegbu and C.V. Wood and Crystal Hepp and S. Kyman and H. Hornstra and Robert Trotter and Emily Cope and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15023}, doi = {10.1111/jam.15023}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-05}, journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Epidemiological studies of bacterial diseases are typically limited to determination of pathogen presence/absence, yet quantitative assessments of pathogen load and genetic diversity can provide insights into disease progression and severity, likelihood of transmission and adaptive evolutionary potential. For studies of S. aureus where time or access to a microbiology laboratory may delay culturing, deep freezing or timely culturing will maximize the degree to which sampling results reflect source status. |
Schmitz, Kathryn H; Stout, Nicole L; Maitin-Shepard, Melissa; Campbell, Anna; Schwartz, Anna L; Grimmett, Chloe; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A; Sokolof, Jonas M Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice Journal Article Cancer, 127 (3), pp. 476-484, 2021, ISBN: 10.1002/cncr.33245. @article{Schmitz2021, title = {Moving through cancer: Setting the agenda to make exercise standard in oncology practice}, author = {Kathryn H Schmitz and Nicole L Stout and Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Anna Campbell and Anna L Schwartz and Chloe Grimmett and Jeffrey A Meyerhardt and Jonas M Sokolof}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33245}, isbn = {10.1002/cncr.33245}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Cancer}, volume = {127}, number = {3}, pages = {476-484}, abstract = {International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } International evidence-based guidelines support the prescription of exercise for all individuals living with and beyond cancer. This article describes the agenda of the newly formed Moving Through Cancer initiative, which has a primary objective of making exercise standard practice in oncology by 2029. |
Giano, Zachary; Camplain, Ricky L; Camplain, Carolyn; Pro, George; Haberstroh, Shane; Baldwin, Julie A; Wheeler, Denna L; Hubach, Randolph D Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations Journal Article American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60 (2), pp. 213-221, 2021. @article{Giano2021, title = {Adverse Childhood Events in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations}, author = {Zachary Giano and Ricky L Camplain and Carolyn Camplain and George Pro and Shane Haberstroh and Julie A Baldwin and Denna L Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {213-221}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adverse childhood experiences are linked to deleterious outcomes in adulthood. Certain populations have been shown to be more vulnerable to adversity in childhood than others. Despite these findings, research in this area lacks an empirical investigation that examines adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native populations using large, nationally representative data. As such, the authors have compiled what they believe is the largest empirical investigation of adverse childhood experiences among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals to date. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltan, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltan}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Matin, Behzad Karami; Williamson, Heather J; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Rezaei, Satar; Soofi, Moslem; Soltani, Shahin Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies Journal Article BMC Women's Health, 21 (44), 2021. @article{Matin2021b, title = {Barriers in access to healthcare for women with disabilities: a systematic review in qualitative studies}, author = {Behzad Karami Matin and Heather J. Williamson and Ali Kazemi Karyani and Satar Rezaei and Moslem Soofi and Shahin Soltani}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, doi = {10.1186/s12905-021-01189-5}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-30}, journal = {BMC Women's Health}, volume = {21}, number = {44}, abstract = {Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Studies show that different socio-economic and structural factors can limit access to healthcare for women with disabilities. The aim of the current study was to review barriers in access to healthcare services for women with disabilities (WWD) internationally. |
Ladner, Jason T; Henson, Sierra N; Boyle, Annalee S; Engelbrektson, Anna L; Fink, Zane W; Rahee, Fatima; D'ambrozio, Jonathan; Schaecher, Kurt E; Stone, Mars; Dong, Wenjuan; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Yu, Jianhua; Caligiuri, Michael A; Cieplak, Piotr; Bjørås, Magnar; Fenstad, Mona H; Nordbø, Svein A; Kainov, Denis E; Muranaka, Norihito; Chee, Mark S; Shiryaev, Sergey A; Altin, John A Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses Journal Article Cell Reports Medicine, 2 (1), 2021. @article{Ladner2021, title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with endemic human coronaviruses}, author = {Jason T Ladner and Sierra N Henson and Annalee S Boyle and Anna L Engelbrektson and Zane W Fink and Fatima Rahee and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Kurt E Schaecher and Mars Stone and Wenjuan Dong and Sanjeet Dadwal and Jianhua Yu and Michael A Caligiuri and Piotr Cieplak and Magnar Bjørås and Mona H Fenstad and Svein A Nordbø and Denis E Kainov and Norihito Muranaka and Mark S Chee and Sergey A Shiryaev and John A Altin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100189}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {Cell Reports Medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) to generate an epitope-resolved view of IgG reactivity across all human CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted in convalescent donors, including several sites also recognized in some uninfected controls. By comparing patterns of homologous reactivity between CoVs and using targeted antibody-depletion experiments, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies that cross-recognize pandemic and endemic CoV antigens at two Spike S2 subunit epitopes. We further show that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind endemic homologs. Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous CoV exposures and which have the potential to raise broadly neutralizing responses. |
Magdaleno, Carina; House, Trenton; Pawar, Jogendra S; Carvalho, Sophia; Rajasekaran, Narendiran; Varadaraj, Archana Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini Journal Article Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2021. @article{Magdaleno2021, title = {Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini}, author = {Carina Magdaleno and Trenton House and Jogendra S. Pawar and Sophia Carvalho and Narendiran Rajasekaran and Archana Varadaraj}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29885}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.29885}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-13}, journal = {Journal of Cellular Biochemistry}, abstract = {Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic. |
Miller, Erin; Barragan, Veronica; Chiriboga, Jorge; Weddell, Chad; Luna, Ligia; Jiménez, Dulce J; Aleman, John; Mihaljevic, Joseph R; Olivas, Sonora; Marks, Jane; Izurieta, Ricardo; Nieto, Nathan; Keim, Paul; Trueba, Gabriel; Caporaso, Gregory J; Pearson, Talima Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador Journal Article BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 2021. @article{Miller2021b, title = {Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador}, author = {Erin Miller and Veronica Barragan and Jorge Chiriboga and Chad Weddell and Ligia Luna and Dulce J Jiménez and John Aleman and Joseph R Mihaljevic and Sonora Olivas and Jane Marks and Ricardo Izurieta and Nathan Nieto and Paul Keim and Gabriel Trueba and J Gregory Caporaso and Talima Pearson}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, doi = {10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {BMC Microbiology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, abstract = {Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Leptospira are shed into the environment via urine of infected animals. Rivers are thought to be an important risk factor for transmission to humans, though much is unknown about the types of environment or characteristics that favor survival. To address this, we screened for Leptospira DNA in two rivers in rural Ecuador where Leptospirosis is endemic. |
Ransdell, Lynda B; Lane, Taylor S; Schwartz, Anna L; Wayment, Heidi A; Baldwin, Julie A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (2), pp. 1-35, 2021. @article{Ransdell2021, title = {Mentoring new and early-stage investigators and underrepresented minority faculty for research success in health-related fields: An integrative literature review (2010-2020)}, author = {Lynda B. Ransdell and Taylor S. Lane and Anna L. Schwartz and Heidi A. Wayment and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020432}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18020432}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-07}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mentoring to develop research skills is an important strategy for facilitating faculty success. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review to examine the barriers and facilitators to mentoring in health-related research, particularly for three categories: New investigators (NI), early-stage investigators (ESI) and underrepresented minority faculty (UMF). PsychINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for papers published in English from 2010 to 2020, and 46 papers were reviewed. Most papers recommended having multiple mentors and many recommended assessing baseline research skills. Barriers and facilitators were both individual and institutional. Individual barriers mentioned most frequently were a lack of time and finding work-life balance. UMF mentioned barriers related to bias, discrimination and isolation. Institutional barriers included lack of mentors, lack of access to resources, and heavy teaching and service loads. UMF experienced institutional barriers such as devaluation of experience or expertise. Individual facilitators were subdivided and included writing and synthesis as technical skills, networking and collaborating as interpersonal skills, and accountability, leadership, time management, and resilience/grit as personal skills. Institutional facilitators included access to mentoring, professional development opportunities, and workload assigned to research. Advocacy for diversity and cultural humility were included as unique interpersonal and institutional facilitators for UMF. Several overlapping and unique barriers and facilitators to mentoring for research success for NI, ESI and UMF in the health-related disciplines are presented. |
2020 |
Salinas-Miranda, Abraham; King, Lindsey; Salihu, Hamisu; Wilson, Roneé; Collins, Susan Nash Sarah; Berry, Estrellita; Austin, Deborah; Scarborough, Kenneth; Best, Evangeline; Cox, Lillian; King, Georgette; Burpee, Conchita; Briscoe, Richard; Baldwin, Julie Protective Factors Using the Life Course Perspective in Maternal and Child Health: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach Journal Article Engage!, 1 (3), pp. 102–113, 2020. @article{Salinas-Miranda2020, title = {Protective Factors Using the Life Course Perspective in Maternal and Child Health: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach}, author = {Abraham Salinas-Miranda and Lindsey King and Hamisu Salihu and Roneé Wilson and Susan Nash Sarah Collins and Estrellita Berry and Deborah Austin and Kenneth Scarborough and Evangeline Best and Lillian Cox and Georgette King and Conchita Burpee and Richard Briscoe and Julie Baldwin}, url = {http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/ENGAGE/article/view/24205}, doi = {10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3536}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-18}, journal = {Engage!}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {102–113}, abstract = {The life course perspective, a valuable theoretical framework for investigating racial disparities in birth outcomes, examines the cumulative exposure of risk and protective factors throughout the life span. Although risk and protective exposures are equally vital to health, most studies have focused solely on the risk factor exposures faced by vulnerable populations. In clear contrast to the traditional public health approach which emphasizes a deficit model, strengths-based approaches can elucidate pathways on protective factors that foster resilience. Such positive perspectives represent a paradigm shift that views communities as valuable assets that have the capacity to fully engage themselves and their residents to achieve optimal health. Participatory action research methods are well-suited to apply a strengths-based approach to understand health disparities. Our study aimed to explore maternal and child health protective factors, from community residents’ perspective. We conducted 10 community-based participatory focus groups with community residents Tampa, Florida guided by the life course perspective. A total of 78 residents participated in ten focus groups. Perceived protective factors during pregnancy included self-esteem, spirituality, pregnancy support, good nutrition, prenatal care, and community resources. Protective factors for non-pregnant women were self-esteem, spirituality, social support, health literacy, community support and community resources, and societal factors. For children and adolescents, relevant protective factors were self-esteem, positive role models, nutrition and physical activity, and community support. The identified factors are community assets or strengths that mitigate or eliminate maternal and child health risks in families and communities residing in low-income neighborhoods, which must be considered in developing effective maternal and child health interventions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The life course perspective, a valuable theoretical framework for investigating racial disparities in birth outcomes, examines the cumulative exposure of risk and protective factors throughout the life span. Although risk and protective exposures are equally vital to health, most studies have focused solely on the risk factor exposures faced by vulnerable populations. In clear contrast to the traditional public health approach which emphasizes a deficit model, strengths-based approaches can elucidate pathways on protective factors that foster resilience. Such positive perspectives represent a paradigm shift that views communities as valuable assets that have the capacity to fully engage themselves and their residents to achieve optimal health. Participatory action research methods are well-suited to apply a strengths-based approach to understand health disparities. Our study aimed to explore maternal and child health protective factors, from community residents’ perspective. We conducted 10 community-based participatory focus groups with community residents Tampa, Florida guided by the life course perspective. A total of 78 residents participated in ten focus groups. Perceived protective factors during pregnancy included self-esteem, spirituality, pregnancy support, good nutrition, prenatal care, and community resources. Protective factors for non-pregnant women were self-esteem, spirituality, social support, health literacy, community support and community resources, and societal factors. For children and adolescents, relevant protective factors were self-esteem, positive role models, nutrition and physical activity, and community support. The identified factors are community assets or strengths that mitigate or eliminate maternal and child health risks in families and communities residing in low-income neighborhoods, which must be considered in developing effective maternal and child health interventions. |
Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol; Kumar, Amit; Warren, Meghan; Pohl, Patricia; Shaibi, Stefany; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz; Rudolph, James Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 666–667, 2020. @article{Roy2020, title = {Racial Differences in Post-Acute Transition After Hip Fracture in Medicare Patients With ADRD }, author = {Indrakshi Roy and Amol Karmarkar and Amit Kumar and Meghan Warren and Patricia Pohl and Stefany Shaibi and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez and James Rudolph}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2307}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-16}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {666–667}, abstract = {The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The incidence of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. However, there are no standardized post-acute transition models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute transitions vary by race/ethnicity. Using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017) for 120,179 older adults with ADRD, we conduct multinomial logistic regression, to examine the association between race and post-acute discharge locations (proportion discharged to skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home with Home Health Care [HHC]), after accounting for patient characteristics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics have a significantly lower odds ratio for discharge to HHC 0.62 (95%CI=0.53-0.73), IRF 0.44 (CI=0.39-0.51), and SNF 0.26 (CI=0.23-0.30). Improving care in patients with ADRD and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care and health outcomes will be discussed. |
McCarthy, Michael J; Sanchez, Angelica; Garcia, Yolanda Evie; Dunn, Dorothy; Williamson, Heather J; Baldwin, Julie A; Hustead, Morgan Lee-Regalado; Bakas, Tamilyn Systematic Review of Interventions for LatinX and American Indian Family Dyads Coping With Chronic Illness Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 98–99, 2020. @article{McCarthy2020, title = {Systematic Review of Interventions for LatinX and American Indian Family Dyads Coping With Chronic Illness}, author = {Michael J McCarthy and Angelica Sanchez and Yolanda Evie Garcia and Dorothy Dunn and Heather J Williamson and Julie A Baldwin and Morgan Lee-Regalado Hustead and Tamilyn Bakas}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.325}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.325}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-16}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {98–99}, abstract = {The United States is experiencing growth in populations from culturally diverse backgrounds. Studies suggest that Latinx and American Indians experience chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes in greater numbers than whites. Literature also suggests that Latinx and American Indian families play a significant role as informal caregivers for loved ones with chronic illness. However, little information is available about interventions to assist these patient-family caregiver dyads cope. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize published studies about psychosocial interventions developed or adapted for Latinx and American Indian care dyads in order to determine: (1) the benefits of these interventions; (2) their distinguishing features or adaptations, and; (3) recommendations for future intervention development. The protocol for this review was registered in advance with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched the databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PubMeb using MeSH-derived keywords developed in consultation with a research librarian. Studies were included/excluded based upon pre-specified criteria. Three-hundred thirty-five records were identified, screened by the research team, and tracked according to PRISMA guidelines. After removing duplicates (n=9), studies that did not pertain to the conditions of interest (n=13), and studies that did not meet inclusion criteria (n=305), eight studies remained. Relevant information was abstracted from the final studies and synthesized by the research team. The majority of interventions for these populations are in cancer. Findings about benefits are largely inconclusive. Adaptations include a focus on cultural contexts, as well as culturally-based strengths, caregiving norms, and values.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The United States is experiencing growth in populations from culturally diverse backgrounds. Studies suggest that Latinx and American Indians experience chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes in greater numbers than whites. Literature also suggests that Latinx and American Indian families play a significant role as informal caregivers for loved ones with chronic illness. However, little information is available about interventions to assist these patient-family caregiver dyads cope. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize published studies about psychosocial interventions developed or adapted for Latinx and American Indian care dyads in order to determine: (1) the benefits of these interventions; (2) their distinguishing features or adaptations, and; (3) recommendations for future intervention development. The protocol for this review was registered in advance with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched the databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PubMeb using MeSH-derived keywords developed in consultation with a research librarian. Studies were included/excluded based upon pre-specified criteria. Three-hundred thirty-five records were identified, screened by the research team, and tracked according to PRISMA guidelines. After removing duplicates (n=9), studies that did not pertain to the conditions of interest (n=13), and studies that did not meet inclusion criteria (n=305), eight studies remained. Relevant information was abstracted from the final studies and synthesized by the research team. The majority of interventions for these populations are in cancer. Findings about benefits are largely inconclusive. Adaptations include a focus on cultural contexts, as well as culturally-based strengths, caregiving norms, and values. |
Wagner, Eric F; Baldwin, Julie A Recovery in Special Emphasis Populations Journal Article Alcohol Research, 40 (3), 2020. @article{Wagner2020, title = {Recovery in Special Emphasis Populations}, author = {Eric F. Wagner and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7721369/}, doi = {doi:10.35946/arcr.v40.3.05}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-10}, journal = {Alcohol Research}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, abstract = {Special emphasis populations in the current context can be defined as groups experiencing health disparities resulting in elevated risk to health, safety, and well-being from drinking alcohol. Individuals from marginalized minority populations often encounter barriers to accessing and receiving effective alcohol treatment due to social inequities and disadvantaged life contexts, which also may adversely affect recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recovery from AUD often involves the adoption of a stable non-drinking lifestyle (sobriety), increased health and well-being, and increased social connection. Although there has been considerable work on AUD epidemiology among special emphasis populations, little research exists directly examining recovery among racial/ethnic minority populations and/or sexual and gender minority populations. The current narrative review hopes to spark scholarly interest in this critically neglected area. This article opens with a review of special emphasis populations and their alcohol-related risks. Next, definitions of recovery, Alcoholics Anonymous, and culturally adapted recovery models for racial/ethnic minority populations are explored. This is followed by a discussion of factors that may particularly influence recovery among marginalized minority populations. This narrative review concludes with a discussion of research priorities for promoting health equity through studies focused on understanding and supporting recovery from AUD among marginalized minority populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Special emphasis populations in the current context can be defined as groups experiencing health disparities resulting in elevated risk to health, safety, and well-being from drinking alcohol. Individuals from marginalized minority populations often encounter barriers to accessing and receiving effective alcohol treatment due to social inequities and disadvantaged life contexts, which also may adversely affect recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recovery from AUD often involves the adoption of a stable non-drinking lifestyle (sobriety), increased health and well-being, and increased social connection. Although there has been considerable work on AUD epidemiology among special emphasis populations, little research exists directly examining recovery among racial/ethnic minority populations and/or sexual and gender minority populations. The current narrative review hopes to spark scholarly interest in this critically neglected area. This article opens with a review of special emphasis populations and their alcohol-related risks. Next, definitions of recovery, Alcoholics Anonymous, and culturally adapted recovery models for racial/ethnic minority populations are explored. This is followed by a discussion of factors that may particularly influence recovery among marginalized minority populations. This narrative review concludes with a discussion of research priorities for promoting health equity through studies focused on understanding and supporting recovery from AUD among marginalized minority populations. |
Armin, Julie S; Rothers, Janet; Baldwin, Julie A Abstract PO-026: Refining a breast and cervical cancer screening program for Native American women with disabilities Journal Article 2020. @article{Armin2020, title = {Abstract PO-026: Refining a breast and cervical cancer screening program for Native American women with disabilities}, author = {Julie S. Armin and Janet Rothers and Julie A Baldwin}, doi = {10.1158/1538-7755.DISP20-PO-026}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, organization = {AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; October 2-4, 2020}, abstract = {This community-engaged study aims to adapt and feasibility test a breast and cervical cancer education program for Native American (NA) women with disabilities. This presentation reports on the formative work leading to a program for feasibility testing. Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disabilities that are diagnosed in childhood and involve limitations in intellectual functioning and/or adaptive behaviors. Women with IDD are less likely to receive breast and cervical cancer screenings than the general population of women in the U.S. Women with IDD who identify as racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to receive recommended preventive health screenings, like cancer screenings. Further, the general population of NA women in the U.S. are less likely to receive cancer screenings. The cancer education program aims to address inequities in cancer screenings for NA women with IDD. METHODS: The university teams worked with HOPI Cancer Support Services and Tucson Indian Center to adapt the cancer education program with input from NA women with IDD, caregivers, service providers, and community leaders. The program was refined in focus groups with health and disability services providers (n=12), partner site program staff (n=12), caregivers (n=12), and NA women with IDD (n=12). RESULTS: Focus groups offered input on program structure and content, including the program name. Participants contributed modifications to trauma-informed features, the program’s use of imagery and storytelling, and methods for hybrid virtual/telephonic and in- person program delivery. Key input included the need to incorporate: sites’ existing health education staff and resources into the program; culturally relevant imagery and language; engaging activities for the women to learn about their anatomy and about cancer screenings; and caregiver education. Participants noted the importance of engaging NA women with IDD and/or cancer survivors in delivering the educational program. They also encouraged the research team to emphasize the benefits of early detection of cancer in order to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Engaging community in the cultural adaptation of an evidence-based breast and cervical cancer curriculum generates a program that is responsive to and builds on community expectations, needs, and existing infrastructure. The team will test the feasibility of the program by assessing recruitment and retention, and exploring preliminary program outcomes. Citation Format: Julie S. Armin, Heather J. Williamson, Janet Rothers, Julie Baldwin, Marissa Adams, Myka Becenti, Andria Begay, Tara Chico- Jarillo, Jennifer Etcitty, Michele Lee, Leticia Lelli, Bailey Lockwood, Celeste Núñez, Samantha Sasse, Neida Rodriguez. Refining a breast and cervical cancer screening program for Native American women with disabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-026}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This community-engaged study aims to adapt and feasibility test a breast and cervical cancer education program for Native American (NA) women with disabilities. This presentation reports on the formative work leading to a program for feasibility testing. Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disabilities that are diagnosed in childhood and involve limitations in intellectual functioning and/or adaptive behaviors. Women with IDD are less likely to receive breast and cervical cancer screenings than the general population of women in the U.S. Women with IDD who identify as racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to receive recommended preventive health screenings, like cancer screenings. Further, the general population of NA women in the U.S. are less likely to receive cancer screenings. The cancer education program aims to address inequities in cancer screenings for NA women with IDD. METHODS: The university teams worked with HOPI Cancer Support Services and Tucson Indian Center to adapt the cancer education program with input from NA women with IDD, caregivers, service providers, and community leaders. The program was refined in focus groups with health and disability services providers (n=12), partner site program staff (n=12), caregivers (n=12), and NA women with IDD (n=12). RESULTS: Focus groups offered input on program structure and content, including the program name. Participants contributed modifications to trauma-informed features, the program’s use of imagery and storytelling, and methods for hybrid virtual/telephonic and in- person program delivery. Key input included the need to incorporate: sites’ existing health education staff and resources into the program; culturally relevant imagery and language; engaging activities for the women to learn about their anatomy and about cancer screenings; and caregiver education. Participants noted the importance of engaging NA women with IDD and/or cancer survivors in delivering the educational program. They also encouraged the research team to emphasize the benefits of early detection of cancer in order to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Engaging community in the cultural adaptation of an evidence-based breast and cervical cancer curriculum generates a program that is responsive to and builds on community expectations, needs, and existing infrastructure. The team will test the feasibility of the program by assessing recruitment and retention, and exploring preliminary program outcomes. Citation Format: Julie S. Armin, Heather J. Williamson, Janet Rothers, Julie Baldwin, Marissa Adams, Myka Becenti, Andria Begay, Tara Chico- Jarillo, Jennifer Etcitty, Michele Lee, Leticia Lelli, Bailey Lockwood, Celeste Núñez, Samantha Sasse, Neida Rodriguez. Refining a breast and cervical cancer screening program for Native American women with disabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-026 |
Roy, Indrakshi; Karmarkar, Amol; Kumar, Amit; Warren, Meghan; Pohl, Patricia; Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz Utilization After Hip Fracture in Medicare Beneficiaries With ADRD Journal Article Innovation in Aging, 4 (1), pp. 59, 2020. @article{Roy2020b, title = {Utilization After Hip Fracture in Medicare Beneficiaries With ADRD}, author = {Indrakshi Roy and Amol Karmarkar and Amit Kumar and Meghan Warren and Patricia Pohl and Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.192}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igaa057.192}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {59}, abstract = {The incidence of hip fracture in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. Care complexity, including extensive post-acute rehabilitation, increases substantially in patients with ADRD after hip fracture. However, there are no standardized post-acute care utilization models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute utilization varies by race/ethnicity, in this population. To investigate racial differences in post-acute care utilization following hip fracture related hospitalization in patients with ADRD. A secondary analysis was conducted on 120,179 older adults with ADRD with incident hip fracture, using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017). The primary outcome was post-acute discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home Health Care [HHC]) across various racial groups. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between race and post-acute discharge dispositions after accounting for patient-level covariates. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, minority racial groups have significantly lower odds of being discharged to SNF, IRF, or HHC, as compared to home. Adjusted odds ratio for Hispanics discharged to SNF was 0.28 (CI=0.24-0.31), to IRF was 0.46 (CI=0.39-0.52) and HHC was 0.64 (95% CI =0.54-0.75), as compared to home. CONCLUSION: ADRD patients have higher risk of hip fracture. Findings from this study will provide insight on how to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care utilization in vulnerable populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The incidence of hip fracture in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. Care complexity, including extensive post-acute rehabilitation, increases substantially in patients with ADRD after hip fracture. However, there are no standardized post-acute care utilization models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute utilization varies by race/ethnicity, in this population. To investigate racial differences in post-acute care utilization following hip fracture related hospitalization in patients with ADRD. A secondary analysis was conducted on 120,179 older adults with ADRD with incident hip fracture, using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017). The primary outcome was post-acute discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home Health Care [HHC]) across various racial groups. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between race and post-acute discharge dispositions after accounting for patient-level covariates. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, minority racial groups have significantly lower odds of being discharged to SNF, IRF, or HHC, as compared to home. Adjusted odds ratio for Hispanics discharged to SNF was 0.28 (CI=0.24-0.31), to IRF was 0.46 (CI=0.39-0.52) and HHC was 0.64 (95% CI =0.54-0.75), as compared to home. CONCLUSION: ADRD patients have higher risk of hip fracture. Findings from this study will provide insight on how to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care utilization in vulnerable populations. |
Eaves, Emery R; Camplain, Ricky L; Lininger, Monica R; Trotter, Robert T Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail Journal Article International Journal of Prisoner Health, 2020, ISBN: 10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038. @article{Eaves2020b, title = {Adverse childhood experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail}, author = {Emery R. Eaves and Ricky L. Camplain and Monica R. Lininger and Robert T. Trotter}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, isbn = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2020-0038}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-16}, journal = {International Journal of Prisoner Health}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging comorbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings: People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Social implications: The findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail. Originality/value: Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific ACEs suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming. |
Armstrong-Heimsoth, Amy; Hahn-Floyd, Molly; Williamson, Heather J; Lockmiller, Catherine Toward a Defined Role for Occupational Therapy in Foster Care Transition Programming Journal Article The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 8 (4), pp. 1-8, 2020. @article{Armstrong-Heimsoth2020b, title = {Toward a Defined Role for Occupational Therapy in Foster Care Transition Programming}, author = {Amy Armstrong-Heimsoth and Molly Hahn-Floyd and Heather J. Williamson and Catherine Lockmiller}, url = {https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1726}, doi = {10.15453/2168-6408.1726}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-15}, journal = {The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Youth who age out of the foster care system and transition to adulthood face challenges that are exacerbated by a history of trauma, severed relationships, and instability of living and educational placements. A review of the literature demonstrates poor outcomes overall for this population. Occupational therapists are positioned to meet the needs that arise during this time; however, a review of emerging roles for occupational therapists is necessary to describe how occupational therapists can best fulfill gaps in current programming. Through a review of the literature and a preliminary mixed-methods study, this paper establishes a direction for the inclusion of occupational therapy for youth aging out of foster care using the Person Environment Occupation Performance (PEOP) model as a structure. Federal, state, and local organizations provide resources to assist transitioning foster youth. However, there is a lack of collaborative, individualized, and evidence-based approaches reporting good outcomes. Specific occupational therapy interventions are suggested to delineate our role with this high-risk population during transition to independent living: both novel interventions and additions to current evidence-based programming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Youth who age out of the foster care system and transition to adulthood face challenges that are exacerbated by a history of trauma, severed relationships, and instability of living and educational placements. A review of the literature demonstrates poor outcomes overall for this population. Occupational therapists are positioned to meet the needs that arise during this time; however, a review of emerging roles for occupational therapists is necessary to describe how occupational therapists can best fulfill gaps in current programming. Through a review of the literature and a preliminary mixed-methods study, this paper establishes a direction for the inclusion of occupational therapy for youth aging out of foster care using the Person Environment Occupation Performance (PEOP) model as a structure. Federal, state, and local organizations provide resources to assist transitioning foster youth. However, there is a lack of collaborative, individualized, and evidence-based approaches reporting good outcomes. Specific occupational therapy interventions are suggested to delineate our role with this high-risk population during transition to independent living: both novel interventions and additions to current evidence-based programming. |
Pro, George; Giano, Zach; Camplain, Ricky; Haberstroh, Shane; Camplain, Carly; Wheeler, Denna; Hubach, Randolph D; Baldwin, Julie A Community Mental Health Journal, 57 , pp. 1017–1022, 2020. @article{Pro2020g, title = {The Role of State Medicaid Expansions in Integrating Comprehensive Mental Health Services into Opioid Treatment Programs: Differences Across the Rural/Urban Continuum}, author = {George Pro and Zach Giano and Ricky Camplain and Shane Haberstroh and Carly Camplain and Denna Wheeler and Randolph D Hubach and Julie A Baldwin }, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00719-z}, doi = {10.1007/s10597-020-00719-z}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-08}, journal = {Community Mental Health Journal}, volume = {57}, pages = {1017–1022}, abstract = {opioid treatment programs (OTPs) do not provide MH services. We measured the association between state level characteristics (Medicaid expansion status and rurality) and MH/OUD services integration. We used a generalized linear model to estimate how the association between integration and Medicaid expansions varied across levels of rurality (National Survey on Substance Abuse Treatment Services; 2018; n = 1507 OTPs). The predicted probability of OTPs offering MH services decreased as rurality increased, and the strength of the negative association was greater in non-expansion states (𝛽=−0.038, SE = 0.005, p < 0.0001) than in expansion states (𝛽=−0.020, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001). Access to integrated MH services was lowest in rural non-Medicaid expansion states, despite the high risk of opioid misuse and a high need for MAT and MH services in this population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } opioid treatment programs (OTPs) do not provide MH services. We measured the association between state level characteristics (Medicaid expansion status and rurality) and MH/OUD services integration. We used a generalized linear model to estimate how the association between integration and Medicaid expansions varied across levels of rurality (National Survey on Substance Abuse Treatment Services; 2018; n = 1507 OTPs). The predicted probability of OTPs offering MH services decreased as rurality increased, and the strength of the negative association was greater in non-expansion states (𝛽=−0.038, SE = 0.005, p < 0.0001) than in expansion states (𝛽=−0.020, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001). Access to integrated MH services was lowest in rural non-Medicaid expansion states, despite the high risk of opioid misuse and a high need for MAT and MH services in this population. |
Bordeaux, Skyler J; Baca, Anthony W; Begay, Rene L; Gachupin, Francine C; Caporaso, Gregory J; Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M; Lee, Naomi R Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review Journal Article Current Oncology, 28 (5), pp. 3705-3716, 2020. @article{Bordeaux2021, title = {Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review}, author = {Skyler J Bordeaux and Anthony W Baca and Rene L Begay and Francine C Gachupin and J Gregory Caporaso and Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz and Naomi R Lee}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/28/5/316}, doi = {10.3390/curroncol28050316}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-24}, journal = {Current Oncology}, volume = {28}, number = {5}, pages = {3705-3716}, abstract = {Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Therefore, as we consider current and future cancer vaccines, there are certain considerations to be mindful of to increase uptake among Native Americans such as the incidence of disease, social determinants of health, vaccine hesitancy, and historical exclusion in clinical trials. This paper primarily focuses on human papillomavirus (HPV) and potential vaccines for Native Americans. However, we also aim to inform researchers on factors that influence Native American choices surrounding vaccination and interventions including cancer therapies. We begin by providing an overview of the historical distrust and trauma Native Americans experience, both past and present. In addition, we offer guidance and considerations when engaging with sovereign Tribal Nations in vaccine development and clinical trials in order to increase trust and encourage vaccine uptake. |
Williamson, Heather J; McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Yolanda E; Bacon, Rachel; Dunn, Dorothy J; Baldwin, Julie A Public Policy & Aging Report, 20 (20), pp. 1–3, 2020. @article{Williamson2020c, title = {Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)}, author = {Heather J. Williamson and Michael J. McCarthy and Yolanda E. Garcia and Rachel Bacon and Dorothy J. Dunn and Julie A. Baldwin}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa024}, doi = {10.1093/ppar/praa024}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-04}, journal = {Public Policy & Aging Report}, volume = {20}, number = {20}, pages = {1–3}, abstract = {More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } More than 25% of those 65 years or older in the United States reside in rural areas (Skoufalos et al., 2017). Aging family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provide critical daily supports for their loved one. Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017). OVID-19 public health actions, including social distancing, self isolation, and sheltering in place, may be effective for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, the emotional and psychosocial impacts of these prevention efforts are yet to be understood among already strained aging caregivers providing constant care for a person with ADRD. |
Yazzie, Del; Tallis, Kristen; Curley, Caleigh; Sanderson, Priscilla R; Eddie, Regina; Behrens, Timothy K; Antone-Nez, Ramona; Ashley, Martin; Benally, Herbert John; Begay, Gloria Ann; Jumbo-Rintila, Shirleen; de Heer, Hendrik D The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease Journal Article Preventing Chronic Disease, 17 , 2020. @article{Yazzie2020, title = {The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: A Two Percent Tax on Foods of Minimal-to-No Nutritious Value, 2015–2019 Preventing Chronic Disease}, author = {Del Yazzie and Kristen Tallis and Caleigh Curley and Priscilla R. Sanderson and Regina Eddie and Timothy K. Behrens and Ramona Antone-Nez and Martin Ashley and Herbert John Benally and Gloria Ann Begay and Shirleen Jumbo-Rintila and Hendrik D. de Heer}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/pdf/20_0038.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-03}, journal = {Preventing Chronic Disease}, volume = {17}, abstract = {Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study summarizes tax revenue and disbursements from the Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, which included a 2% tax on foods of minimal-to-no nutritional value (junk food tax), the first in the United States and in any sovereign tribal nation. Since the tax was implemented in 2015, its gross revenue has been $7.58 million, including $1,887,323 in 2016, the first full year. Revenue decreased in absolute value by 3.2% in 2017, 1.2% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019, a significant downward trend (P = .02). Revenue allocated for wellness projects averaged $13,171 annually for each local community, with over 99% successfully disbursed and more rural areas generating significantly less revenue. Our results provide context on expected revenue, decreases over time, and feasibility for tribal and rural communities considering similar policies. |