NAU publications by CHER
Faculty & staff publications
NAU faculty and staff have the opportunity to publish their findings and knowledge as authors. CHER has many researchers that have been cited multiple times in major publications for their great work. The Center for Health Equity Research has accumulated all faculty publications into one, easy to navigate database.
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Cordova-Marks, Felina M; Harris, Robin; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Norton, Beatrice; Mastergeorge, Ann M; Gerald, Lynn Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 44 (1), pp. 52-60, 2019. @article{Cordova-Marks2019, title = {Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation}, author = {Felina M Cordova-Marks and Robin Harris and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Beatrice Norton and Ann M Mastergeorge and Lynn Gerald}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-018-0552-7}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {52-60}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress. |
Cordova-Marks, Felina M; Harris, Robin; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Norton, Beatrice; Mastergeorge, Ann M; Gerald, Lynn Characteristics of American Indian female caregivers on a Southwest American Indian reservation Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 2018. @article{Cordova-Marks2018, title = {Characteristics of American Indian female caregivers on a Southwest American Indian reservation}, author = {Felina M Cordova-Marks and Robin Harris and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Beatrice Norton and Ann M Mastergeorge and Lynn Gerald}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10900-018-0552-7}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-28}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress. |
Ingram, Maia; Doubleday, Kevin; Bell, Melanie L; Lohr, Abby; Murrieta, Lucy; Velasco, Maria; Blackburn, John; Sabo, Samantha; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Carvajal, Scott C Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records Journal Article American Journal of Public health, 107 (10), pp. 1668-1674, 2017. @article{Ingram2017b, title = {Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records}, author = {Maia Ingram and Kevin Doubleday and Melanie L Bell and Abby Lohr and Lucy Murrieta and Maria Velasco and John Blackburn and Samantha Sabo and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Scott C Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28817321}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-13}, journal = {American Journal of Public health}, volume = {107}, number = {10}, pages = {1668-1674}, abstract = {Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.24, −0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = –0.39, −0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −13.5, −10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = –0.7, −0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = −0.14, −0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −39.0, −6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −6.6, −0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients’ chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs’ evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.24, −0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = –0.39, −0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −13.5, −10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = –0.7, −0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = −0.14, −0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −39.0, −6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −6.6, −0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients’ chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs’ evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward. |
2019 |
Cordova-Marks, Felina M; Harris, Robin; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I; Norton, Beatrice; Mastergeorge, Ann M; Gerald, Lynn Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 44 (1), pp. 52-60, 2019. @article{Cordova-Marks2019, title = {Characteristics of American Indian Female Caregivers on a Southwest American Indian Reservation}, author = {Felina M Cordova-Marks and Robin Harris and Nicolette I Teufel-Shone and Beatrice Norton and Ann M Mastergeorge and Lynn Gerald}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10900-018-0552-7}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-01}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {52-60}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress. |
2018 |
Cordova-Marks, Felina M; Harris, Robin; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette; Norton, Beatrice; Mastergeorge, Ann M; Gerald, Lynn Characteristics of American Indian female caregivers on a Southwest American Indian reservation Journal Article Journal of Community Health, 2018. @article{Cordova-Marks2018, title = {Characteristics of American Indian female caregivers on a Southwest American Indian reservation}, author = {Felina M Cordova-Marks and Robin Harris and Nicolette Teufel-Shone and Beatrice Norton and Ann M Mastergeorge and Lynn Gerald}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10900-018-0552-7}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-28}, journal = {Journal of Community Health}, abstract = {American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } American Indian (AI) caregivers have been excluded from national survey efforts. Drawing from a 2012 survey administered on the Hopi Reservation in northern Arizona, 20% of adults are caregivers. More information is needed to guide program development tailored to Hopi needs. In a University-Community collaboration, a 58 question survey was administered to self-identified caregivers of a family member about amount and type of care provided, difficulties, caregiver health, and desired support services. Characteristics of caregivers and their experiences were described. Forty-four (44) female Hopi caregivers were interviewed from June–October 2017, mean age of 59 years (± 12.6) with mean 5.5 year (± 4.4) history of providing care. Over 84% provided care to either a parent or grandparent. Most caregivers provided transportation (93.2%), housework (93.2%), and medical related care (72.7%). Caregivers stated they had difficulties with not having enough time for family and or friends (88.6%), financial burdens (75.0%), and not having enough time for themselves (61.4%). The most frequently identified difficulty was stress (45.5%). Caregivers would like additional services, with 76.7% asking for training. Over 77% would not consider placing their relative in an assisted living facility. Compared to national data, Hopi female caregivers are older, provide more care hours/week, more caregiving duties, and for a longer number of years. Stress is the most reported difficulty, although lower than national levels. As caregivers are resistant to placing the recipient in assisted living, educational efforts should focus on training caregivers to assist the care recipient and decreasing caregiver stress. |
2017 |
Ingram, Maia; Doubleday, Kevin; Bell, Melanie L; Lohr, Abby; Murrieta, Lucy; Velasco, Maria; Blackburn, John; Sabo, Samantha; de Zapien, Jill Guernsey; Carvajal, Scott C Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records Journal Article American Journal of Public health, 107 (10), pp. 1668-1674, 2017. @article{Ingram2017b, title = {Community health worker impact on chronic disease outcomes within primary care examined using electronic health records}, author = {Maia Ingram and Kevin Doubleday and Melanie L Bell and Abby Lohr and Lucy Murrieta and Maria Velasco and John Blackburn and Samantha Sabo and Jill Guernsey de Zapien and Scott C Carvajal}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28817321}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2017.303934}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-13}, journal = {American Journal of Public health}, volume = {107}, number = {10}, pages = {1668-1674}, abstract = {Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.24, −0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = –0.39, −0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −13.5, −10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = –0.7, −0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = −0.14, −0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −39.0, −6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −6.6, −0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients’ chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs’ evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs). Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes. Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.24, −0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = –0.39, −0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −13.5, −10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = –0.7, −0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = −0.14, −0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −39.0, −6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −6.6, −0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact. Conclusions. Although patients’ chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs’ evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward. |